People Flashcards
Who is Aelred J. Gray?
1909 - 2000
Gray started as a planner for the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1935.
He directed the community assistance planning program and later developed the floodway regulation concepts that led to the National Flood Insurance Program.
Who is Albert Mayer?
1897 - 1981, New York
Engineer, architect, planner
Contributions to new town planning in the US throughout the 1930s.
In 1938, Mayer predicted that uncontrolled suburban growth would strain transportation and erode the countryside.
In 1946, he initiated the direct citizen participation in planning.
In 1967, Mayer wrote The Urgent Future.
Who is Alfred Bettman?
1873 - 1945, b. Ohio - d. Pennsylvania
Bettman was a Cincinnati lawyer who drafted the bill that enabled the creation of the local planning commission passed by the OH Legislature in 1915. This became the basis of local planning in the US.
Bettman prepared the Cincinnati Plan in 1925, with the assistance of Ladislas Segoe - which became the first comprehensive plan in the US.
He played a key role in establishing the constitutionality of zoning in the 1926 Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.
Bettman, Segoe, and John Blandford prepared the first municipal capital budget in the US.
Bettman drafted both the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act (1924) and the Standard City Planning Enabling Act (1928) for the US Department of Commerce.
Who is Ladislas Segoe?
1894 - 1983, b. Austria-Hungary, d. Ohio
Segoe was an unwavering advocate of independent, professional planning. He had a successful private planning career in Cincinnati from 1928 - 1968.
Segoe was the editor of The Local Planning Administration, also known as the Green Book, which was first published in 1941.
Bettman prepared the Cincinnati Plan in 1925, with the assistance of Ladislas Segoe - which became the first comprehensive plan in the US.
Bettman, Segoe, and John Blandford prepared the first municipal capital budget in the US.
Who is Sherry Arnstein?
1930 - 1997 b. NY, d. DC
In 1969, she published her ground-breaking article “A Ladder of Citizen Participation” about the hierarchy of public involvement.
Arnstein’s work influenced how planners and communities go about engaging the public in the planning and decision-making process,provided the theoretical framework for advocacy planning.
Who is Thomas Adams?
1871 - 1940 b. Scotland, d. England
Trained as a farmer and a lawyer.
1903 - 1906 - In his late twenties, Adams was the first manager of Letchworth, England - the first garden city.
Adams supervised work on the 1929 Regional Plan of New York and Environs.
Prolific designer of low-density residential developments that were commonly referred to as “garden suburbs.”
In Great Britain, he served as one of the early presidents of the Institute of Landscape Architects, which became the Landscape Institute.
Who is Luigi Taparelli?
1793 - 1862, Italian Catholic Scholar.
Termed the coin social justice.
Wrote on problems of the working class from the industrial revolution, Civilta Cattolica
Sociality and subsidiarity: society is not a monolith; various levels of sub-societies have rights and duties.
All levels should cooperate rationally and not resort to competition and conflict.
Who is Jane Addams?
1860 - 1935, Illinois
Jane Addams was a peace activist and leader of the settlement house movement in the US.
First generation of college-educated women (1881).
In 1889, founded the Hull-House with college friend Ellen Starr in an immigrant neighborhood of Chicago. Their mission was to provide a center for higher civic and social life, institute and maintain education and philanthropic enterprises and investigate and improve the conditions in the industrial districts of Chicago.
Who is Betty Friedan?
1921 - 2006, b. IL, d. DC
Friedan was an American feminist and writer. Best known for her 1963 book, The Feminine Mystique. She is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century.
Who is Jacob Riis?
1849 - 1941, Danish-American social reformer and muckraking journalist and social documentary photographer.
He endorsed model tenements in NY with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller.
Best known in planning for his 1890 photojournalism report ‘How the Other Half Lives’ which documented squalid living conditions in NY City slums in the 1880s.
Who is John Rawls?
1921 - 2002
Rawls was an American political philosopher. His theory of justice as fairness describes a society of free citizens holding equal basic rights and cooperating within an egalitarian economic system.
His theory of political liberalism explores the legitimate use of political power in a democracy, and envisions how civic unity might endure despite the diversity of worldviews that free institutions allow.
His writings on the law of peoples set out a liberal foreign policy that aims to create a permanently peaceful and tolerant international order.
Who is Robert D. Bullard?
1946 - present, American academic
Regarded as the father of environmental justice.
Called as an expertise witness in the lawsuit Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management, incorporated. Bullard conducted a study entitled ‘Solid Waste Sites and the Black Houston Community’, the study was the first comprehensive account of ecoracism in the United States. The study found that African American neighborhoods in Houston were often chosen for toxic waste sites.
Who is Norm Krumholtz?
1927 - 2019, Ohio, Equity Planning, transactive planning
Cleveland’s City Planning Director from 1969 - 1979. Early proponent of equity planning. Krumholz argued that city planners should plan for most for those with the least rather than pandering to businesses and corporations.
1975 Policy Planning Report was a major contribution to the field of urban planning. Set out programs and policies that would bolster pre-existing neighborhoods. Prior to Krumholz tenure as director, urban renewal often meant the wholesale destruction of lower class neighborhoods.
Who is Ian McHarg?
1920 - 2001, ecological planning
Scottish Landscape Architect and writing on regional planning using natural systems.
1969 book “Design with Nature” pioneered the concept of ecological planning. He promoted an ecological view in which a designer becomes familiar with an area through a land capability analysis (soil, climate, hydrology, etc.). Set forth the basic concepts that were to develop later in GIS (graphic overlay method).
Carrying capacity - through a design process that respects, integrates, and facilitates multiple ecosystem processes, functions, and services. Regulate growth in response to carrying capacity.
Peter Calthorpe
Congress for New Urbanism (CNU), TOD
Daniel Burnham
City Planning
Who is Clarence Perry?
1872 - 1944, urban planner and sociologist
Attributed with the neighborhood unit concept.
Published his essay about the neighborhood unit in 1929.
Defined the neighborhood as a self-contained area with a 5-mile walking radius, bounded by major streets with shops at the intersections, and had a school in the middle.
Kevin Lynch
In 1960, wrote Image of the City.
Each indiv has a set of unique images that, together, make for their image of a city.
5 elements of city image - paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks
Seen as humanistic reaction against modernist planning principles.
Paul Davidoff
1930 - 1984, Advocacy Planning
Trained as a lawyer
Founded the Suburban Action Institute in 1969. The Institute challenged exclusionary zoning in the courts, winning a success in the Mt. Laurel case.
Davidoff developed the concept of advocacy planning, wherein a planner serves a given client group’s interest and should do so openly.
William Whyte
1980 study - Social Life of Small Urban Places
Jane Jacobs
Eyes on the street, social capital
She was well known for organizing grassroots efforts to protect existing neighborhoods from slum clearance. Particularly known for her opposition to Robert Moses and his plans to overhaul her neighborhood, Greenwich Village.
1961 - The Death and Life of Great American Cities
Lawrence Veiller
Father of modern housing code
Progressive Age social worker in New York City, famous for organizing the Tenement House Exhibition (1900) that made public aware of
abhorrent living conditions of the poor, and helped bring about the New York Tenement House Act of 1901 (Father of Modern Housing Code).
