people Flashcards
Jerome
Christian theologian, translated the Bible and held classes for Roman widows and virgins
Augustine of Hippo
Philosopher, theologian, and bishop of Hippo Regius. Wrote the City of God, Confessions, and On Christian Doctrine
St. Martin of Tours
4th cen. soldier, became a monk (later bishop). Known for spreading Christianity in France and his acts of charity
Marcella
4-5th century ascetic, leader of a monastic community in Rome Noted for foundational help in monasticism.
Hypatia of Alexandria
Secular philosopher and mathematician, she was murdered by religious zealots for her intellect
Galla Placidia
5th century Roman Empress, daughter of Theodosius I, mother of Valentinian III, played a key role in West Roman politics
St. Monica
Mother to Augustine of Hippo, she was Christian his entire life and inspired his conversion (as noted in Confessions)
Alypius of Thagaste
Christian bishop and friend of Augustine, known for supporting Augustine’s spiritual journey
Faustus of Mileve
Bishop and strong advocate for Manichaeism, noted in Confessions by Augustine
Marius Victorinus
Translated Aristotle’s works into Latin (the language of scholars), converted to Christianity, and impacted Church’s doctrine & later Christian thinkers
Alaric
Visigothic King & military commander, in charge during Roman sack during 410
Athaulf
Visigothic King (successor to Alaric), worked on establishing Gothic influence in Roman Empire, had a failed marriage with Galla Placidia
Theodoric
(493) Ostrogothic king who established Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Odoacer
(476) Germanic soldier turned king after deposing last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus
Edward Gibbon
18th century English historian, wrote The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
Theodosius II
Eastern Roman Emperor, codification of Roman law in the Theodosian Code and construction of Theodosian Walls in Constantinople
Pulcheria
Sister to Theodosius II, Eastern Roman Empress, known for Christian orthodoxy and preservation of Eastern Roman Empire
Nestorius
Theologian who was excommunicated from Roman Empire for his controversial teachings on the nature of Christ (division between divinity and humanity)
Cyril of Alexandria
Patriarch of Alexandria, played significant role in the Council of Ephesus (against Nestorius, viewed Christ’s division as unity)
Leo I
(5th cen.) Pope of Roman Catholic church in 5th century, established papal authority and defense of Christian orthodoxy in West Roman Empire
Gelasius I
(5-6th cen.) Pope of Roman Catholic church who defended the role of the papacy against secular government
Pope Gregory the Great
(6th cen.) Pope who established papal supremacy in the Roman Catholic church and expanded missionary work
Augustine of Canterbury
Benedictine monk and first Archbishop of Canterbury, played significant role in converting the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity and established the Christian Church in England
Clovis
5th century Frankish king who established the Merovingian Dynasty, conversion of Franks to Christianity, and expansion of Frankish territory in Gaul
Childeric
Father of Clovis I, remembered for military successes and laying foundation for Merovingian dynasty
Clotild
Frankish Queen, married to Clovis I and instrumental in his conversion to Christianity
Gregory of Tours
6th century Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours known for “History of the Franks”
Sidonius Apollinaris
Gallo-Roman aristocrat, Bishop of Clermont, known for his works that provide insight on politics, society, and culture of Roman Gaul
Justin I
6th century Byzantinian Emperor known for his efforts to strengthen the empire and establishment of Justinian dynasty
Justinian
Justin I’s nephew and adopted son, who became the emperor after Justin I and codified the Roman law, construction of monumental buildings (HAGIA SOPHIA), and did military campaigns to regain lost territory from the West.
Theodora
Byzantine Empress who played a significant role in Justinian’s politics and society
Belisarius
“The Last of the Romans,” successful Byzantine general who led military campaigns in North Africa and Italy
Antonina
Wife of Belisarius
Khusro I
Persian King of the Sassanian Empire who implemented reforms in government, society, and military
Procopius
Prominent Byzantine scholar who wrote “The Secret History” and “The Wars of Justinian”
Vulfolaic the Langobard
King of the Lombards (German peoples) who played a significant role in the Lombard invasion and settlement of Italy in 6th century
Boethius
A transmitter, philosopher, and author of “The Consolation of Philosophy”
Cassiodorus
A transmitter, statesman, and monk who founded a monastery and established a scriptorium that was key in preserving and transmitting classical texts
Isidore of Seville
A transmitter, bishop, and scholar who compiled an encyclopedia of knowledge known as Etymologies
Maurice
Byzantine emperor who defended the Empire against external threats but faced internal unrest that led to his overthrow and execution
Phocas
Byzantine Emperor who came to power via assassination of Maurice and his family
Heraclius
Byzantine Emperor who reformed the military and administration, successfully defeated the Sassanid Empire, but his later reign was plagued with internal conflict and Arab-Muslim conquests
Khusro II
Sassanian king who fought several wars against the Byzantine Empire, known for his construction projects and patronage of the arts
Muhammad
Founder of Islam, the Last Prophet, and the messenger of God in Islam
Fred Donner
Scholar of Islam
Sophronius of Jerusalem
Eastern Orthodox bishop known for opposition to Monothelite heresy and role in events leading to Arab conquest of Jerusalem
‘Abd al-Malik
5th Umayyad Caliphate, introduced major reforms in Islamic society and government, including the standardization of Arabic language and coinage
Anastasius of Sinai
7th century writer and monk