People Flashcards
He was a British archaeologist who provided one of Egyptology’s most well-known contributions (discovered the mostly intact tomb of King Tut)
Howard Carter
She was a French fashion designer, and ruled Parisian haute couture for nearly six decades. (Also was born into poverty)
In 1913, with financial aid from Arthur Caper, she opens a millinery shop. Within 5 years, her use of jersey fabric to create a “poor girl” look had attracted influential rich women seeking relief from the corseted styles.
In 1921, she introduced her extremely successful perfume Chanel No.5.
She worked with Théophile Bader and Pierre Wertheimer, to help her make more fragrance and to market it for a share of the profits.
She later sued them over, only getting 10% of royalties, though unsuccessful, she still made a lot of money from the perfume.
In 1939, she closed her couture house with the outbreak of WWII. Her association with a German diplomat during the Nazi occupation tainted her reputation, and she didn’t return to fashion until 1954.
Coco Channel
He was a British actor, director, writer, and composer. His full name was Charles Spencer Chaplin
He became a vaudeville performer at age eight.
Mack Sennett noticed him while he was on tour in New York in 1913 and signed him to a film contract.
Chaplin created his signature look—baggy pants, a derby hat, huge shoes, and a cane—while filming Kid Auto Races at Venice (1914). (This was the hallmark of his famous “little tramp” character.)
Soon he was directing his own films and became an instant star in The Tramp (1915). After cofounding United Artists in 1919, he produced, directed, and starred in many classics.
He was harassed for his leftist political views and moved to Switzerland in 1952.
In 1972 he returned to the U.S. to accept a special Academy Award
Charlie Chaplin
Famous lawyer, public speaker, debater, and writer
Became general attorney for the Chicago and North Western Railway
Darrow established a national reputation from the case
After WW1 he defended war protesters violating state sedition laws
He saved Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold from a death sentence for the murder of Robert Francks
In the Scopes Trail he defended the high-school teacher who broke the law about Darwinian theory
Clarence Darrow
Political manager for Harding, accused of corruption
Ran for governor and attorney general of Ohio before realizing his talents are better suited as a political operator
Predicted a Republican deadlock for the 1920 election, would be chosen by men in a “smoke filled room”
Nearly faced impeachment proceedings in 1922 when named attorney general of the US, as he was part of Harding’s Ohio Gang
Dismissed by Coolidge when he refused to open legal proceedings for the misdemeanors of Harding’s cabinet
Faced two trials on graft and fraud, both end due to hung jury
Wrote “The Inside Story of the Harding Tragedy” defending himself and Harding
Daugherty did President Harding & the Ohio Gang dirty
Harry Daughterty
Unsuccessful Democratic candidate in 1924
From Virginia’s House of Reps, advisor for Wilson during the Paris peace conference
Was a “compromise” candidate as Dems can’t figure out whether to nominate conservative William McAdoo or liberal Al Smith
Returned to law practice. In Supreme Court, successfully tried Truman in 1954 for abusing his powers in controlling national steel mills
Davis was disadvantageous against Coolidge’s Republicans
John W Davis
“father of radio” and the “grandfather of television” for his invention of the Audion vacuum tube
Interested in electromagnetic-wave propagation at Yale; wrote the first doctoral thesis about radios
Founded his own telegraph company, developed an electrolytic detector of Hertzian waves
Constantly frauded by his partners due to being a poor businessman; often sold his patents to companies at low prices like the American Telephone & Telegraph Co.
Advertised his products by broadcasting Italian opera at the Metropolitan theater
Developed sound on film systems called Phonofilm, rejected by motion film companies
Supported strongly but unsuccessfully for the Nobel Prize for Physics
Lee de Forest sold Audions to AT&T for just pennies
Lee de Forest
American politician and civil rights advocate from Chicago.
Born in Alabama as a freedman; fled Alabama after Reconstruction to Ohio to escape growing white supremacist mobs
First African American to be elected to Congress (US Rep Illinois)
Studied business and made a fortune in Chicago as a contractor, and in real estate and the stock market before the Crash
Spoke out against discrimination and attempted to pass anti-lynching and desegregation legislation
De Priest, Oscar
Federal agent under Prohibition Unit knows as “Izzy”
Wrote memoir Prohibition Agent No. 1
Shut down speakeasies and illegal drinking establishments in New York
Untrained in law enforcement (former postman)
Spoke 6 languages and good at changing outfits
“There’s sad news here. You’re under arrest.”
Operations referred to as the “Einstein Theory of Rum Snooping”
Einstein Isador
Poet/critic and leader of the Modernist movement
Born in St. Louis from elite New England family
Wrote The Waste Land and Four Quartets
Awarded the Order of Merit and the Nobel Prize for Literature
Reformed poetic diction with poet Ezra Pound
Brought poetic drama into popularity through plays
Founded The Criterion, a critical journal (popular internationally)
T.S. Elliot
Pianist and jazz composer for his band
Created an ensemble (14 musicians) of famous jazz artists
Popular in the swing era and took inspiration from ragtime
Toured Europe, Asia, West Africa, South America, Australia, and North America
Duke Ellington
Secretary of the interior under Harding
The first to be convicted of a felony committed while holding a Cabinet post
Studied law and practiced in the New Mexico Territory
Elected to the US Senate in 1912 until his appointment
In 1924, a Senate investigation revealed that he accepted a large bribe to lease private oil interests
Resulting in naval oil reserve lands in the Teapot Dome in Wyoming and California
Convicted of bribery in 1929 and served nine months of a 1year sentence
Albert Fall
Inventor developed the first all-electronic television systems
In 1923, He entered BYU as a special student (he was still in high school) but had to leave after his father’s death
Made his first successful electronic television transmission on 9-7-1927 (filed a patent for his system that same year)
Formed his own company, Farnsworth Television which made a deal with AT&T in 1937
In 1939 the RCA agreed to pay Farnsworth royalties for his patents
Moved to Maine to recover after a nervous breakdown in ‘39
founded Farnsworth Wood Products, made ammunition boxes
In 1947 went to Fort Wayne and Farnsworth Television produced its first television set and produced until 1965 (little guy)
It was taken over by International Telephone and Telegraph (IT&T) in ‘49 and reorganized as Capehart-Farnsworth
Became interested in nuclear fusion and invented a device called a fusor
After that, he moved to BYU where he continued his research, Philo T. Farnsworth Associates, but went bankrupt in 1970
Farnsworth Philio Taylor
Became the first female governor of Texas in 1925 after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, James Edward Ferguson (convicted of financial crimes and impeached in 1917)
“Two Governors for the Price of One”
Acquired her nickname “Ma” after a newspaper reporter substituted the initials “M.A” for Miriam Amanda
Ran on an Anti-KKK platform, promised better management of state finances, Anti prohibitionist even though she personally favored stronger restrictions
First term few successes (EX: signed an anti-mask law aimed at the KKK then overturned by the courts
Ran for reelection in ‘26 but was defeated in Democratic primary, but retained a strong base
Won second term in ‘32 and was a strong supporter of FDR’s New Deal
Ran again in 1940 and was defeated
Miriam Ferguson
Most important after Charles Darwin (his co-worker AND cousin)
British science writer and (amateur) researcher in the late 1800s
Co-founder mostly in the biology, biochemistry, and psychology fields. Also STATISTCS
Fun fact: he made the first weather map! He also studied twins at one time! (In his phase of eugenics/selection/inheritance)
father of Eugenics(positive/negative-but that’s apbio)– gene pool of the human species could (somehow) be improved-by people with different abilities didn’t have kids—came up with this kinda bad idea with the work of Darwin
He argued that rather than organisms’ traits being shaped by env, it’s biological (NOT natty selection)
He married Louisa Jane Butler on his expedition back from Africa (1853)
Francis Galton
Woman home economist and author-wrote books on household efficiency/importance of women as consumers.
She helped to found the Advertising Women of New York in 1912, when women were refused admission to the men’s Advertising Club.
She championed the need for more efficiency in the kitchen- In articles/books/ speeches, she argued if businessmen/farmers could add more efficient equipment and improved techniques of getting their work done, then why couldn’t women?
She designed the standardized height and work surfaces in kitchens.
“I believe there should be dishwasher in every girl’s trous seau.”
Consulted the editor of Ladies’ Home Journal
Husband: J. George Frederick, president of the Gourmet Society of New York & author of books on business/marketing research
Died of heart disease in 1970
Christine Frederick
Austrian neurologist (Vienna, early 1900s) & founded psychoanalysis-humans motivated by unconscious desires/memories & making motivations conscious by talk therapy
Started psychodynamic approach of psychology—psychoanalytic: focuses on unconscious~people’s traits/personalities shaped by unconscious motives & we analyze subconscious by looking @ dreams/speaking openly about feelings/access repressed feelings and memories. He did this by using free association: when word/image triggers another word/image/idea inside head
Psychoanalysis towers over other peoples’ influences
He privately treated women suffering “Hysteria” by talking—effective
Make psychological disorders real/known & popularized “unconscious”
Influenced modern therapy techniques
Sigmund Freud
Movie, stage, and television actress
Known as a glamorous Hollywood star and the fading movie queen Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard
When she was 14, she began appearing in crowd scenes in the Essanay film studio
Her and her mother moved to Hollywood and got a job at the Mack Sennett studio
She formed her production company, was nominated for the first-ever Academy Award for best actress
After Sunset Boulevard, she mostly did television and theatre and published an autobiography Swanson on Swanson in 1980
Gloria Swanson
He was an American federal judge and was the first commissioner of organized professional baseball.
In 1907, he won nationwide fame by fining the Standard Oil Company more than $29 million for granting unlawful freight rebates. (This was reversed on appeal.)
In 1915 the Federal League sued the American and National leagues. The case came before Landis, who neither granted nor denied the requested injunction, deferring judgment until the Federal League had disbanded on terms satisfactory to all three leagues.
Landis was suggested for the position of commissioner following the Black Sox baseball incident. Landis took office in January 1920, replacing the three-person National Baseball Commission that had been unable to fully address the Black Sox issue. He held the office till his death and none of his decisions were ever reversed.
Kenesaw Landis
He was a US labor leader and became a coal miner at 15.
He rose through the ranks of United Mine Workers of America (UMWA)
From 1911, he was an organizer of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) (which was affiliated with the miners’ union)
Was president of UMWA (1920-60), he joined several other AFL union leaders in forming the Committee for Industrial Organization (1935)
On breaking with the AFL, he and other union heads founded the Congress of Industrial Organization
He was the president of ^ (1936-40), he presided over the struggle to introduce unionism into previously unorganized industries such as steel and automobile
John L. Lewis
He was an American novelist and social critic.
His novel Main Street (1920) made his literary reputation.
His depiction of regional languages, customs, and social amenities gives the work its impact. The satire is double-edged—directed against both the townspeople and the superficial intellectualism that despises them.
In the years following its publication, Main Street became not just a novel but the textbook on American provincialism.
In 1922, he published Babbitt, (study of the complacent American)
The name Babbitt passed into general usage to represent the optimistic, smug, middle-aged businessman whose horizons were bound by his village limits.
His works in the 20s (Arrowsmith (1925), Elmer Gantry (1927), and Dodsworth (1929)) were all successes but his later books and reputation declined after 1930.
Lewis Sinclair
U.S. secretary of the treasury, a founder and chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, and director general of the U.S. railroads during and WWI.
Directed four fund-raising drives that raised $18,000,000,000 to help finance the Allied war effort
As a Tennessee lawyer, he moved to NYC and headed the Hudson and Manhattan Railway Co.
Fiercely supported Woodrow Wilson and married the president’s daughter, Elanor, in a White House ceremony.
Later political career: was the voice of the ruralite America, though he lost the Democratic nomination twice, with the support of the KKK and involvement in Teapot Dome being reasons for his failure.
McAdoo said adieu to the Democratic nomination
William McAdoo Jr.
Influential newspaper editor. Father founded the Daily Bee newspaper of Sacramento, CA
Led many reclamation projects in the Sacramento Valley as a wealthy landowner. Was president of the Daily Press for a time
Was a leading figure in the anti-Japanese movement of California. Founded the Japanese Exclusion League (JEL), supported toughening the alien land laws, and believed Japan was the “Germany of Asia” and Japanese immigrants were a colonizing force.
This succeeded with the Californian Immigration Act of 1924.
Later rebranded the JEL California Joint Immigration Committee and targeted Filipinos before dying of a heart attack
McClatchy was trashy to the immigrants in the Sacramento Valley
V.S. McClatchy
Jamaican American author. Before his immigration, he wrote two volumes of Jamaican ballad verse.
While living in New York, he became at the forefront of the Harlem Renaissance and produced volumes of poetry.
He contributed to the Liberator, an avant-garde newspaper.
The book Home to Harlem he wrote was the MOST popular book written by an American black at the time.
Lived in many different countries, was attacked as a Communist due to his extremely progressive civil rights ideology.
Claude McKay was abroad and was dismayed with racism
Claude McKay
Attorney general with publicized campaigns during the Red Scare
Launched campaign against political radicals, dissidents, left-wing organizations, and aliens
“Palmer raids” disregarded basic civil liberties
Purpose to combat believed Bolshevik conspiracy to overthrow the government
A. Mitchel Palmer
A founder of the Algonquin Round Table and poet/critic
Editor for Vogue and Vanity Fair and writer for The New Yorker
Known for wit and critical retorts
Symbol of liberated women in 1920s
Collaborated with Alan Campbell (husband) in Hollywood films
Dorothy Parker
