People Flashcards
Beneficiary assessments
Beneficiary assessments are used by the World Bank and other development organizations to make sure that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how a project will affect them, particularly the poor and those without political power. The technique solicits qualitative information about the development activity. This can include interviews, focus groups, and participant observations.
Indian Reorganization Act
Indian Reorganization Act, also called Wheeler–Howard Act, (June 18, 1934), measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, aimed at decreasing federal control of American Indian affairs and increasing Indian self-government and responsibility. In gratitude for the Indians’ services to the country in World War I, Congress in 1924 authorized the Meriam survey on the state of life on the reservations. The shocking conditions under the regimen established by the Dawes General Allotment Act (1887), as detailed in the Meriam report of 1928, spurred demands for reform.
Many of the Meriam report’s recommendations for reform were incorporated in the Indian Reorganization Act. The act curtailed the future allotment of tribal communal lands to individuals and provided for the return of surplus lands to the tribes rather than to homesteaders. It also encouraged written constitutions and charters giving Indians the power to manage their internal affairs. Finally, funds were authorized for the establishment of a revolving credit program for tribal land purchases, for educational assistance, and for aiding tribal organization.
About 160 tribes or villages adopted written constitutions under the act’s provisions. Through the revolving credit fund, many Indians improved their economic position. With the funds for purchase of land, millions of additional acres were added to the reservations. Greatly improved staffs and services were provided in health and education, with more than half of all Indian children in public school by 1950. The act awakened a wider interest in civic affairs, and Indians began asking for the franchise, which they had been technically granted in 1924.
The Reorganization Act remains the basis of federal legislation concerning Indian affairs. The act’s basic aims were reinforced in the 1960s and ’70s by the further transfer of administrative responsibility for reservation services to the Indians themselves, who continued to depend on the federal government to finance those services. Legal challenges to the act have been mounted by some state governments. Notably, in 1995 South Dakota sued over a section of the act under which the Department of the Interior took land in trust for Indian tribes. The case rose to the U.S. Supreme Court but was remanded to lower court. Subsequent challenges to this part of the act also failed, as have a number of other challenges to the constitutionality of the act.
national rate of homeownership
According to the 2010 Census, 65% of residential units are owner occupied.
Which of the following bodies is responsible for the review of historic preservation applications at the federal level?
Department of the Interior is responsible for the National Park Service, which is responsible for overseeing the National Register of Historic Places.
transactive planning
Working one-on-one with citizens to develop a plan
rational planning
Using a scientific process to plan
incremental planning
Viewing planning as a series of incremental steps
Communicative Planning Theory
calls for Consensus building
Which type of tax is based on the assessed value of a property?
A property tax is based on the assessed value of real property, including land and improvements.
Consensus Building, Coalition building, focus group, and townhall
Consensus Building would bring together the stakeholders to work together to come to a solution. Coalition Building brings parties who agree together to promote an idea. A Town Hall Meeting is good to identify issues, but in this case, the issue is already known. Focus Groups might be useful in understanding the issue further but is not the best answer.
comprehensive plan time period
Twenty years is the typical time period for a comprehensive plan to cover. The plan is to be long range in nature (covering more than five years), however not so long that immense change is likely to occur.
The New York State Tenement House Law was passed in 1901. This law called for:
The passage of the 1901 Tenement Act resulted from deteriorating conditions in the increasingly overcrowded tenement districts of New York. The result was an increase in the number of windows, plumbing on each floor, and outlawing Dumbbell Tenements.
per household basis, how many acres of land is enough to feed US population?
Two acres is sufficient to feed a household of four using the bio-intensive method of agriculture.
An arterial street…
a.
provides grade separations at intersections.
b.
connects employees to their places of employment.
c.
limits access.
d.
does not provide access to adjacent properties.
correct answer is C. An arterial street limits direct access to homes and businesses
Nationally marriage rates have:
Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 51 percent in 2010
Just over half of adults age 18 and older were married in 2010, compared with 72% in 1960. It is significant to note that only 20% of 18-29 year olds were married in 2010, versus 59% in 1960.
Tax increment financing
Tax increment financing (TIF) is a public financing method that is used as a subsidy for redevelopment, infrastructure, and other community-improvement projects in many countries, including the United States. The original intent of a TIF program is to stimulate private investment in a blighted area that has been designated to be in need of economic revitalization.[1] Similar or related value capture strategies are used around the world.
Through the use of TIF, municipalities typically divert future property tax revenue increases from a defined area or district toward an economic development project or public improvement project in the community. TIF subsidies are not appropriated directly from a city’s budget, but the city incurs loss through forgone tax revenue.[2] The first TIF was used in California in 1952.[3] By 2004, all 50 American states had authorized the use of TIF, except Arizona. The first TIF in Canada was used in 2007.[4]
Development agreement
A development agreement can be used to clarify what infrastructure will be provided as part of a development.
Impact fee
Impact fees can also be instituted to pay for off-site improvements
CORBOR
National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program
Satisficing
Satisficing is a decision-making strategy that entails searching through the available alternatives until an acceptable threshold is met. For example, given the constraints of time, money, and other resources, a planner will make a decision to achieve a given goal.
Herbert Simon
Herbert Simon was best known for satisficing.
Input-output analysis (I-O)
Input-output analysis (I-O) is a form of macroeconomic analysis based on the interdependencies between different economic sectors or industries. This method is commonly used for estimating the impacts of positive or negative economic shocks and analyzing the ripple effects throughout an economy.
Economic base analysis
Economic base analysis looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, such as automotive manufacturing.
