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Old Testament - Fall 2017 > Pentateuch Exam > Flashcards

Pentateuch Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Patriarch

A
  1. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Sons of Jacob, and their forefathers
  2. Any of those Biblical figures regarded as fathers of the human race
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2
Q

Casuistic

A
  1. A case law
  2. “If x … Then y”
  3. Contains a conditional statement and a type of punishment to be carried out
  4. Ex. Book of the Covenant
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3
Q

Peace Offering

A
  1. Leviticus 3
  2. Lamb or goat is sacrificed
  3. Male or female in gender
  4. Priests and their families (possibly other families) can eat of it
  5. One hand is laid on the sacrifice
  6. Presented as a thanksgiving to God
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4
Q

Covenant

A
  1. Oath-bound relationship with defined expectations and obligations
  2. Two types
    • Treaty between nations
      • Parity
      • Suzerian/Vassal
    • Royal Land Grant
      • Made to reward faithfulness or loyalty
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5
Q

Sign of the Covenant

A
  1. Circumcision
  2. The sign of the Covenant between Abraham and God
    • The Abrahamic Covenant
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6
Q

Abraham

A
  1. Has more focus than Adam in the OT
  2. Promised land, descendants, and blessing in a covenant with God
  3. Was a polytheist
  4. Abrahamic Covenant
  5. Gen 12: Election and Promise
  6. Gen 15: Children
  7. Gen 17: Land
  8. Gen 18: Blessings
  9. Unconditional Covenant
    • God talked to Abraham while he was sleeping
    • God did the Covenant himself
    • Also conditional: Abraham must go places to get rewards
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7
Q

Languages OT Written in

A
  1. Hebrew: 99% of the Bible
  2. Greek
  3. Aramaic
  4. Most important ancient translation: Greek LXX
  5. Hebrew Bible = Apocrypha
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8
Q

Genesis 1-3/Parallels to the Tabernacle

A
  1. 7 divine speeches
  2. Work of construction being completed
  3. Inspection of the work
  4. Benediction/blessing of the completed work
  5. Tabernacle mimics the Garden of Eden as a place where God dwells and a place where God’s presence is exceedingly close
  6. Tabernacle means place for God to dwell
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9
Q

Judah

A
  1. Son of Jacob and Leah
  2. Had better more fertile land
  3. Fourth son of Jacob
  4. David and Solomon born here
  5. Jesus came from its members
  6. One of the central (most-important) tribes that is placed around the Tabernacle
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10
Q

Tabernacle

A
  1. Place for God to dwell
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11
Q

Tabernacle Zones of Holiness

A
  1. Holy of Holies - only the high priest can go in in the Day of Atonement
  2. Holy Place (Tent of Meeting) - where priests went on festivals and Sabbath. Sacrifices only the priests could eat
  3. Courtyard - place where many sacrifices were made by Levites and cleans Israelites on common day
  4. Camp - where the tribes set up their dwellings
  5. Outside of Camp - impurity/unclean go out here to protect and keep God’s presence with the people / took seven days to become pure
  6. The closer one gets to the Holy of Holies, the more restricted it becomes
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12
Q

Name God vs. YHWH - burning bush

A
  1. Some Biblical stories are told twice
  2. One source prefers Elohim and another source prefers YHWH
  3. Mainly used in Genesis and Exodus
  4. Patriarchs knew God as El not YHWH
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13
Q

Sinai

A
  1. The geographic setting for the second half of Exodus, Leviticus, and the first part of Numbers
  2. Israel receives Covenant here
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14
Q

Three Things Israel Is to Be

A
  1. My Treasured Possession
  2. Kingdom of Priests (Priest are set apart as Israel should strive to be)
  3. A Holy Nation
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15
Q

Golden Calf

A
  1. Could be an idol or throne for God (similar to the ark as God’s throne)
  2. Warning against worshiping the gods of the Canaanites
  3. Condemnation of Jeroboam
  4. Role of Moses as intercessor
  5. Character of God: gracious, compassionate, slow to anger, abounding in love
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16
Q

Theme of Blessing in the Pentateuch

A
  1. Divine-Human Relations
    • Covenant relationship formalized-God bound himself by oaths
    • God of the fathers-much more personal
  2. Offspring
    • Firstborn-oldest son does NOT end up being favored
    • barrenness-younger son almost always conceived through the help of God
  3. Land
    • Divine promise of land begins here
    • Each patriarch buys at least some land
    • Land seen as blessing in Pentateuch
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17
Q

Pentateuch

A
  1. First five books of the Bible

- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy

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18
Q

Reduction Analysis

A
  1. Refactor = editor
  2. Focus on: how are the sources brought together?
    • Works with source analysis
  3. Ex. Exodus 4: 23-27
    • Who is the him?
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19
Q

Six parts of the Ancient Near Eastern Covenant

A
  1. Preamble/Introduction
  2. Historical Prologue
  3. Stipulations/Obligations Imposed
  4. Disposition and provision for Periodic Reading of the treaty before the people
  5. List of witnesses
  6. Curses and Blessings
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20
Q

10 Commandments Exodus/ Deuteronomy - also which commands are positive

A
  1. 10 Commandments discusses within both books
  2. Differences
    • remember/observe the Sabbath
    • God made the heavens and the earth/ God brought you out of Egypt
    • covet : house/wife and wife/house
  3. From here on, Israel measured by the extent to which they keep or break the Covenant
  4. “You shall” “You shall not”
  5. Law given by God - good
  6. Positive Commands
    • No. 1 - I am the Lord
    • No. 4. - Remember the Sabbath and keep it holy
    • No. 5 - honor your father and mother
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21
Q

Book of the Covenant/Covenant Code

A
  1. Exodus 21-23
  2. Very closely parallels other nations codes
  3. Earliest collection of Covenant laws
  4. Given at Sinai in the midst of the Covenant
  5. Reflects settled life in the Promised Land
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22
Q

Josianic Reform

A
  1. Reforms match language of Deut.
  2. 623 BC
  3. Josiah finds the book of the law
  4. All of Josiah’s reforms come from Deut
  5. Trying to bring the law back in line with the Covenant/Pentateuch
  6. Josiah’s dad was a bad king
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23
Q

Ziggurat

A
  1. The Tower of Babel was probably in this shape
  2. A rectangular, stepped tower
    • Sometimes surmounted by a temple
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24
Q

House of the Father

A
  1. Patriarch, wife, sons, wives and their kids
  2. Abraham getting up and leaving was counter cultural (the girls normally left)
  3. Abraham was firstborn
    • He gains more than his siblings
  4. When bundled together -> clan
  5. Lowest level of the social status structure
  6. Patriarchal -> Tribe -> Clan -> House of the Father
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25
Q

Hammurabi

A
  1. Wrote a law code similar to the Book of the Covenant
    • Hammurabi’s Codex
  2. King of Babylon
    • Before Exodus and the Sinai Covenant
  3. Claimed he was appointed to judge the people
26
Q

Importance of Shechem

A
  1. Abram built an alter to the Lord here

2. God confirmed his Covenant with Abram here

27
Q

Division of Genesis

A
  1. Genesis 1-11: Primeval History
    • The Background of the World
  2. Genesis 12-50
    • Patriarchs-Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
28
Q

Goring Ox Law

A
  1. The Exodus account is compared to the Code of Hammurabi
  2. Exodus
    • Ox gores anyone, it dies
    • If Ox known gorer, owner dies
      • Can pay for life if money is requested
      • 30 shekels for a slave
  3. Hammurabi
    • Ox gores a man, no basis for a claim
    • Ox known gorer:
      • Awilu class = 30 shekels
      • slave = 20 shekels
29
Q

Purification Offering

A
  1. Sin Offering
  2. Kind of Impractical
  3. Bull, lamb, dove, pigeon
  4. Female
  5. Pleasing Aroma
  6. Priest eats it
  7. One hand is laid on it
  8. Leviticus 4
30
Q

Purpose of Kosher

A
  1. Leviticus 20
  2. Makes you more Holy (like the Lord)
  3. To maintain a difference between Israel and its neighbors
  4. A type of “diet”
31
Q

Sabbath

A
  1. Day of Rest
  2. Holy
  3. The seventh day
  4. Part of the Ten Commandments
  5. Do not work on this day
  6. Symbolic of God resting on the seventh day
32
Q

Jacob

A
  1. Continues theme of Abraham but with more brother-to-brother focus
  2. Outwits Esau for blessing
  3. Outmaneuvers Uncle Lebon for wealth
  4. Wrestles Elohim for divine blessing
  5. Name changed to Israel
  6. Personally confirmed by God the promise of descendants and land
33
Q

Lex Talionis

A
  1. Eye for eye
  2. Equal punishment for equal crime (Exodus 21:23-25)
  3. In Mesopotamia, the rich could buy their way out of a punishment
34
Q

Shema

A
  1. Great Commandment and Jewish Prayer
  2. Love the Lord ! (as obedience and loyalty-through action)
  3. Symbols
    • Tefillin: bond on hand a forehead
    • Mezuzah: sign on door posts
35
Q

Cities of Refuge

A
  1. Used for people when they accidentally killed someone (guilt determined by intention decided by elders/jurors)
  2. Divine presence cannot dwell where it is polluted (with murderers)
  3. Provided protection for killer and family
  4. Involuntary murderers got released if the High Priest died
  5. Incentive for family members to kill the king
  6. The mother of the king would bring gifts to the family (bribery to not kill her son)
  7. Tried to stop escalations of violence
  8. Kedesh, Shecham, Hebron, Golan, Bezer, and Ramoth-gilead
36
Q

Levite

A
  1. Served within the tribes
  2. Did not get land of their own
  3. The Lord himself is their inheritance
  4. Served particular religious roles
37
Q

Yom Kippur - purpose

A
  1. Day of Atonement
  2. Meant to purify the space itself so God would continue to dwell
  3. Impurity of the place and people would be placed on a scapegoat
  4. Before that, blood would be sprinkled on the altar to purify it
38
Q

Dating of the Exodus

A
  1. Early date circa. 1450 BCE (1400s)
    • Built on chronology
    • Exodus 480 years before 966 BCE
    • 480 is symbolic (12x40)
      • 12 tribes
      • 40 years
  2. Late date circa. 1280 BCE (1200s)
    • Built on archeology
    • Several cities in Joshua unoccupied in 1400s
    • King Ramses alive
39
Q

Burnt Offering

A
  1. Showed God’s holiness
  2. Done daily
  3. Most important Offering
  4. Sheep, bull, goat, or birds (allowed everyone to participate)
  5. Male
  6. Pleasing Aroma
  7. Totally burnt
  8. One hand on bull
40
Q

Hebrews/Jews/Israelites/Judahites

A
  1. All refer to the same people
  2. Called Hebrews by foreigners, usually derogatory
  3. 930 BC - Israelite and Judite
  4. 536 BC - Jew/Jewish
41
Q

Three promises of the Abrahamic Covenant

A
  1. Land
  2. Descendants
  3. Blessing
42
Q

JEDP

A
  1. Preferences the names of of God at different times and places
  2. J=Jehovah (from Judah c. 850)
  3. E=Elohim (from Israel - northern kingdom c. 750)
  4. D=Deuteronomy (c. 700-600 reign of Josiah)
  5. P=Priestly (most of the legal sections) (c. 700’s or 500’s)
43
Q

Deuteronomic Theology

A
  1. Centralization of worship
    • Worship God in one place, Jerusalem
  2. Name theology
    • God not physically dwelling in sanctuary, more transcendent
  3. Election of Loyalty
    • God chose just Israel for Covenant
    • God is faithful to his Covenant
    • Israel should obey Covenant
44
Q

Importance of Bethel

A
  1. Jacob wrestled God here
  2. God personally confirmed Abrahamic Covenant here
  3. Altar was built here
45
Q

Who is the “us” in Genesis 1?

A
  1. Divine Plurality
  2. God’s revelation of himself as three persons
    • Father (God)
    • Son (Jesus)
    • Holy Spirit
46
Q

Merneptah Stele

A
  1. “Israel” mentioned as a people group for the first time (outside of the Bible)
  2. Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah boasts of having destroyed Israel’s grain
47
Q

Legend of Sargon

A
  1. Similar to Moses
  2. Similarities:
    • Concealed Birth
    • Abandonment in water
    • Rescue
    • Adoption
    • Emphasis on heroic deeds
  3. Differences:
    • Moses has a clear, ethnic identity
    • Expect rags to riches - but opposite for Moses
48
Q

Retribution Principle

A
  1. Blessings should help Israel to follow the law
  2. Curses should provide a cautionary warning
  3. Delayed retribution - Israel does not immediately go into exile, etc.
    • Showed God’s goodness and mercy
49
Q

Torah

A
  1. “Law” or instruction

2. Encompasses the same books as the Pentateuch

50
Q

Interpretive Pluralism

A
  1. “Christians do not agree with what the Bible says”

- there are many was to interpret the Bible that exist

51
Q

Gunkel

A
  1. Pioneer of form analysis

2. Moving from written to oracle

52
Q

Hittite Treaty

A
  1. Parallel the structure of Deuteronomy

2. 1400/1200

53
Q

Wellhausen

A
  1. Leading figure in the compilation of source analysis JEDP
54
Q

Apodictic

A
  1. Regulations in the form of divine commands
  2. The Ten Commandments
  3. Do’s and Don’ts
55
Q

Neo-Assyrian Treaty

A
  1. 700/600 BCE
  2. Suzerian/Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon
  3. VTE
  4. Important Assyrian king -600s
  5. Deuteronomy supposedly written around this time
  6. Parallel to the structure of Deuteronomy
56
Q

Gen 1 and Gen 2 - Compare

A
  1. They work together and are meshed to harmonize together.
  2. Genesis 1
    • “heavenly”
    • plant life mature - yielding - supernatural
    • God is transcendent
    • P - Elohim used 35 times
  3. Genesis 2
    • “earthly”
    • natural rains, garden “planted”
    • God is imminent
    • J - YHWH used in ch. 2
57
Q

Holy in Leviticus

A
  1. The theme/key word in Exodus
  2. Holiness is tied to cleanliness
  3. Israel’s ritual system was based on an ordered world where everything was either normal (clean) or abnormal (unclean)
  4. Talks about how Israel can get relationship with God back
58
Q

Grain Offering

A
  1. Showed God’s holiness
  2. Leviticus 2
  3. Without yeast, pleasing
  4. Priests eat grain in temple or sanctuary
    • 1 handful
  5. Goes along with the burnt offering
59
Q

Form Analysis

A
  1. Language/phrases used in certain situations
  2. Try to identify the original Sitz im Leben
    • “setting in life”
  3. Used heavily in Psalms and Prophetic literature
60
Q

Patriarchal Religion

A
  1. Patriarchs worshipped God in the form of “El” names
    • El shaddai, El Olam, El Elyon, etc.
  2. In open air / high places with an altar
    • Often sacred tree and standing stone
    • This type of worship will later be prohibited

Old Testament - Fall 2017 (2 decks)

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