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test 1 > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

Narrow Spectrum Penicillins

A

Penicillin G and V

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2
Q

Penicillinase- resistant penicillins

A

Dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacilin

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3
Q

Extended- spectrum antibiotics

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin

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4
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanate (w amoxicillin) …. tazobactam w piperacillin and sulbactam with ampicillin

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5
Q

bacitracin and fosfomycin

A

inhibit cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis - block steps in formation of MurNAc-GlcNAc (disaccharide precursors)

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6
Q

fosfomycin

A

inhibits enolpyruvyl transferase - enzyme that catalyzes condensation of UDP- GlcNAc with phosphoenolpyruvate to UDP-MurNAc

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7
Q

vancomycin

A

binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine

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8
Q

name the beta-lactams

A

penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins and a monobactam antibiotic named AZTREONAM

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9
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins - active against?

A

many gram POSITIVE cocci

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10
Q

penicillinase-resistant penicillins - active against?

A

some strains of penicillinase producing STAPHYLOCOCCI

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11
Q

extended spectrum penicillins - active agains?

A

some gram NEGATIVE bacilli & ANAEROBIC & gram POSITIVE organisms

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12
Q

penicillin antibiotics structure

A

beta-lactam ring fused to thiazolidine ring w unique R group for each antibiotic

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13
Q

penicillin stable in gastric acid &given orally

A

amoxicillin and penicillin V

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14
Q

acid labile penicillin

A

piperacillin

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15
Q

penicillins widely distributed to CNS?

A

NO.

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16
Q

penetrate CSF?

A

yes, with intravenous administration - meningitis

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17
Q

penicillins excreted in bile

A

ampicillin and nafcillin

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18
Q

renal tubular secretion inhibited by?

A

probenecid

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19
Q

penicillin G administered IM - forms?

A

procaine penicillin G and benzathine penicillin G

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20
Q

penicillin G and V (narrow spectrum) treat

A

streptococci (+pneumococci), meningococci and spirochetes(treponema pallidum)

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21
Q

PENICILLIN G CAN ALSO TREAT

A

Clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene

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22
Q

penicillin G ROA

A

Oral / parenteral

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23
Q

penicillin G elimination half life

A

0.5 hrs

24
Q

penicillin G ROE

A

renal (TS)

25
Q

penicillin G spectrum

A 
syphilis (treponema pallidum)
endocarditis (viridans streptococci, enterococci)
meningitis (meningococci)
pneumococci(pneumonia)
various (streptococci)
26
Q

penicillin V ROA

A

oral

27
Q

penicillin V elimination half life

A

1 hr

28
Q

penicillin v ROE

A

renal (TS)

29
Q

penicillin v spectrum

A

pharyngitis (streptococcus pyogenes)

30
Q

methicillin causes?

A

interstitial nephritis

31
Q

staphylococci resistant to penicillinase resistant penicillins?

A

MRSA

32
Q

dicloxacilin ROA

A

oral

33
Q

dicloxacillin elimination half life

A

0.6 hr

34
Q

dicloxacillin ROE

A

renal (TS)

35
Q

penicillinase penicillin spectrum

nafcillin
oxacillin

A

serious staphylococcal infections (acute endocarditis) & osteomyelitis
skin and soft tissue infections

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

36
Q

nafcillin ROA

A

oral / parenteral

37
Q

nafcillin elimination half life

A

0.5 hr

38
Q

nafcillin ROE

A

biliary

39
Q

extended spectrum penicillins

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin

40
Q

amoxicillin treat which pathogens?

A

can be used alone to treat resp tract infections (otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia

also used for prophylaxis, to treat bacterial endocarditis in persons w heart valve disease

41
Q

amoxicillin ROA

A

oral

42
Q

amoxicillin elimination half life

A

1 hr

43
Q

amoxicillin ROE

A

renal (TS)

44
Q

amoxicillin +- clavulanate infections

A 
otitis
upper resp tract infections
pneumonia
skin and soft tissue infections
UTIs
45
Q

amoxicillin +- clavulanate pathogens

A 
pneumococci
streptococci
staphylococci
haemophilus influenza
moraxella catarrhalis
e. coli
pasteurella multocida
46
Q

ampicillin ROA

A

oral or parenteral

47
Q

ampicillin elimination half life

A

1 hr

48
Q

ampicillin ROE

A

renal (TS) and biliary

49
Q

ampicillin +- sulbactam infections

A

meningitis (listeria monocytogenes)
decubitus and diabetic foot ulcers (gram + and anaerobic)
endocarditis (streptococci, enterococci)
Lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi)

50
Q

piperacillin ROA

A

parenteral

51
Q

piperacillin elimination half life

A

1.2-1.3 hr

52
Q

piperacillin ROE

A

renal (TS)

53
Q

piperacillin +- tazobactam infections

A

intraabdominal infections
skin and soft tissue infections
pneumonia
other infections (lower resp, complicated urine, gynec and febrile neutropenia)

sometimes given in combo w aminoglycoside antibiotic

54
Q

piperacillin +- tazobactam pathogens

A

aerobic & anaerobic organisms

pseudomonas aeruginosa

55
Q

ampicillin + gentamicin (aminoglycoside)

A

enterococcal infections;

enterococcal endocarditis

test 1 (2 decks)

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