Penetrating Trauma Flashcards
The speed (or velocity) of an object has a ______ relationship to its kinetic energy.
Squared
If a projectile passes through the object, the energy transferred is?
Equal to the kinetic energy prior to entry minus the energy remaining in the projectile as it exits
The faster the bullet, the ____ the curve of travel and the ____ its trajectory.
Flatter
Straighter
______ is the path a projectile follows.
Trajectory
Define drag
The forces acting on a projectile in motion to slow its progress
____ is the outward motion of tissue due to a projectiles passage, resulting in a temporary cavity and vacuum
Cavitation
What is a bullets profile?
The size and shape of a projectile as it contacts a target
The ____ is the swing or wobble around the axis of a projectiles travel
Yaw
If you double the mass of an object, it will have ______ the kinetic energy if the speed of the object remains the same.
Twice
The faster a projectile travels, the more _____ it experiences and the greater the _____.
Drag
Slowing effect
The energy exchange rate is related to?
The size of the projectiles contacting surface and to its shape
The larger the surface profile, the greater the _____ exchange rate, the more quickly the bullet _____and the more extensive the damage to surrounding tissue.
Energy
Slows
The longer the bullet, the ___ the mass is from its leading edge
Farther
If a bullet continues to tumble, the bullet will ____ and the ____ of the shot will be diminished.
Slow
Accuracy
Yaw greatly increases as the bullet begins __________.
It’s penetration
Projectiles may increase their profile and their energy exchange rate by ________ When they strike a medium denser than air.
Deforming
A handgun is a ____-velocity weapon with _____ accuracy that is most effective at _____ range.
Medium
Limited
Close
The severity of a handgun injury is usually related to?
The organs directly damaged by the bullets passage
The ____ fires a heavier projectile than the handgun, though a much longer barrel, and with much greater muzzle velocity.
Rifle
The damage caused by ______ energy rifle bullets can extend well beyond the actual track of the projectile.
High
What is the difference between a rifle and an assault rifle?
Assault has larger magazine capacity and will fire in both semi-automatic and automatic
What kind of bullet is fired by a shotgun?
Single projectile or numerous spheres
A shot gun is a _____-velocity gun.
Medium
The _____ is limited in range and _____.
Shotgun
Accuracy
With knives and arrows, damage is usually limited to?
Physical injury caused by direct contact between the blade or object and the victims tissue
The severity of a low-velocity penetrating wound can be often difficult to asses because?
The depth and angle of the objects insertion cannot be determined from the visible wound
What three factors determine damage pathway that a high-velocity projectile inflicts?
Direct injury
Pressure shock wave
Cavitation
Direct injury is?
The damage done as the projectile strike tissue, contuses and tears that tissue, and pushes the tissue out of its way
The ___ cavity is a space created behind the high-energy bullet as tissue moves rapidly away from the bullets path.
Temporary
Cavitation creates a vacuum which?
Draws in air and any debris or contamination from the enters the wound and the exit wound
The _____ cavity is created by the movement that crushes, stretches, and tears of affected tissues.
Permanent
What part of the projectile pathway extends beyond the permanent cavity?
Zone of injury
Knife-wielding males most often strike with a _________ stroke.
Forward, outward, or crosswise
Knife-wielding females usually strike with an ________ stroke.
Overhand and downward
____ is the connective strength and elasticity of an object or fabric.
Resiliency
What organs are considered solid organs?
Liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, and brain
How are solid organs affected when struck by a bullet?
Organs compress and stretch, resulting in greater damage more closely associated with the size of the temporary cavity then with the bullets profile
Which organs are considered hollow?
Bowel, stomach, urinary bladder, and heart
What happens to the lungs when a bullet pass through?
Air is compressed, thereby slowing and limiting the transmission of the cavitational wave
Bullet wounds only infrequently induce an _______ (sucking chest wound).
Pneumothorax
90 percent of penetrating trauma mortality involves the _____,____, and _____.
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
_____ is a surgical incision into the cricothyroid membrane
Cricothrotomy
_____ is the introduction of a needle or other tube into the cricothyroid membrane
Cricothyrostomy
If frothy blood is associated with a chest wound, anticipate?
Developing tension pneumothorax
The only Impaled objects that can be removed are?
Those lodged in the cheek or trachea that interfere with the airway or those that you must provide CPR
The tissue displacement caused by the pressure wave that accompanies a bullet as it travels through human tissue is called:
Cavitation
Which abdominal organ is the most tolerant of the cavitational wave associated with penetrating trauma?
Bowel
In a puncture wound resulting from a knife or gunshot injury, the paramedic must always examine patient for:
An exit wound
Powder burns and crepitus around the entrance generally suggest:
A gun used at close range
The forces acting on a bullet to slow it down are called:
Drag
