Penetrating neck injuries Flashcards
Can you describe the boundaries of PT
boundaries
-the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
-anterior border of the trapezius muscle,
-and middle third of the clavicle.
What are the divisons of PT
- Occipital
- Supraclavicular/Subclavian
What are the borders of the occiptal triangle
anterior: posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid
posterior: anterior margin of trapezius muscle
inferior: inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
What are the contents of the occpital triangle
Accessory nerve (CN XI),
branches of the cervical plexus,
Roots of brachial plexus, supraclavicular nerve
What are the boundaries of the supraclavicualr triangle
Superior - inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
Anterior - posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Inferior - clavicle
What are the contents of the supraclavicular triangle
Third part of the subclavian artery,
brachial plexus trunks,
nerve to subclavius muscle,
lymph nodes
Subclavian artery
origins,parts, branches
1st : from origin to Scalene anterior
branches: thyrocervical trunk, vertebral, internal thoracic
2nd : between Scalene anterior and middle
branches: costocervical trunk
3rd : lateral to Scalene anterior . At lateral border of 1 st rib –axillary artery
branch: dorsal scapular
where does subclavian vein rise from
Subclavian vein develops at lateral border of 1st rib,
lies anterior and
inferior to subclavian artery
passes anterior to Scalene anterior muscle
Divisons of AT
- Submental
- Submandibular
- Carotid
- Muscular
Submental
borders
- Borders
superior: Mandible (mental symphysis
lateral: Digastric (anterior belly)
inferior: body of Hyoid bone
submental
contents
Submental lymph nodes
Anterior jugular vein
Muscular triangle
borders
anterior: Median vertical line
posterior: Omohyoid (superior belly) &
Sternocleidomastoid
superior: Hyoid
Muscular triangle
contents
Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid
Vessels: superior and inferior thyroid arteries, anterior jugular veins
Viscera: thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, oesophagus
Carotid triangle
borders
anterior: Omohyoid (superior belly)
posterior: Sternocleidomastoid
superior: Digastric (posterior belly) & Stylohyoid
Carotid triangle
contents
Arteries: common carotid, internal carotid and external carotid (and ECA branches except terminal branches)
Veins: internal jugular, common facial, lingual, superior thyroid, middle thyroid
Nerves: vagus nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), ansa cervicalis, sympathetic trunk
Carotid sheath
extent
Carotid sheath extends from base of skull to aortic
arch (merges with adventitia)
Ansa cervicalis anteriorly
Sympathetic chain posteriorly
contents of carotid sheath
CCA, ICA IJV & Vagus nerve
Structures exiting carotid sheath
Hypoglossal
* External carotid
* Pharyngeal br. of vagus nerve
* Superior laryngeal br. of vagus nerve
Describe the course of the external carotid and the branches given off
arises from the common carotid artery
branches
superior thyroid artery
asecnding pharengyl
lingual artery
facial artery
occiptal
posterior auricular
maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery
idk if your meant to know what they supply
IJV
continuation of,
continuation of sigmoid dural
find our more abour vein
What is the ansa cervicalis
Formed by spinal roots C1-4
send motor info to infrahyoid muscles
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles.
Describe course of accessory nerve
descends along the posterior triangle of the neck, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Describe course of vagus nerve
descends vertically within the carotid sheath
posterolateral to the internal and common carotid arteries
and medial to the internal jugular vein (IJV) at the root of the neck
iving off branches to structures such as the larynx and pharynx
Describe course of phrenic nerve
arises from cervical nerves C3-C5 and descends along the anterior surface of the scalene muscles to innervate the diaphragm.
