PENB 4.1: Environmental Protection Flashcards
Which 6 ways can aviation affect the environment?
Noise, Climate Change, Air Quality, Water Pollution, Disrupting Wildlife & Damage from air accident
What causes noise pollution from aircraft?
Aircraft Engines and Aerodynamic Noise from airflow.
What dBs level can some engines reach during take-off?
> 140dBs
What are the consequences of noise pollution on humans?
Hearing Impairment, Heart Conditions, Sleep disturbances, increase in anti-social behaviours & decreased workspace/academic performance.
What 3 gasses are resulting in the highest atmospheric pollution ever recorded?
Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide
What impact does Climate Change have on the planet?
Melting Ice Caps, Rising Sea Levels, Disrupting Animals Habitats and Extreme Weather Events
Which factors around airports can affect air quality?
Aircraft, Ground Operations, Surface Level Traffic, Power Generation
What consequences can poor air quality have?
Chronic Cardiovascular and Respiratory diseases, alongside lung cancer.
At the airport, what fluids can pollute nearby water?
Fuel, Oils and De-icing Fluid
What is SESAR
Single European Sky ATM Research Programme
What does SESAR do?
Bring ANSPs (Air Navigation Service Providers) together to reduce fuel costs and environmental impact
What are three projects that resulted from SESAR?
Free Route Airspace, Time Based Separation (TBS) & Cross Border Arrivals Management Trail (X-MAN).
What is free-route airspace?
Aircraft can file from one entry point to one exit point in the airspace ‘direct’.
What is time based separation?
Arriving aircraft are separated by touchdown time on the runway, rather than specific distances.
What is X-MAN?
ANSPs are alerted to arrival delays up to 350nm away, and aircraft can then slow down to absorb these delays en-route.
What is the CAA’s role in reducing noise pollution?
Monitor Airport Noise, Decide on Airspace Design and Offer Research and Advice to UK GOV.
What impact does the CAA have on climate change?
Follow GOV UK policy on carbon emissions, share best practice and consideration when approving new aviation technology.
Over 400 airspace improvements saves how much tCO2?
1.3 million
1,600 tCO2 has been removed by which NATS Acting Responsibly initiative?
Tree Planting at Swanwick Lakes
How much has been donates to sustainable causes via the Footprint Fund on NATS Give As You Earn scheme?
£1.5 million
What is the CAA Noise Track Keeping (NTK) system?
Tracks noise data from key hotspots around the world and creates reports.
How can Noise Track Keeping reports be filtered?
By Altitude, Aircraft Type, Location, Runway Direction, Weather.
Since 1970s, aircraft have reduced noise output by how much?
75%
The noise footprint is how much smaller in modern aircraft, then that of their predecessors?
30-50%
What tool has ICAO provided to measure your own carbon footprint as a passenger?
ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator
Globally, how much COs emissions is aviation responsible for?
2% - 2.5%
In the UK, how much COs emissions are aviation responsible for?
6% - 7%
What strategy has the UK Government committed to in reducing aviation impact on climate change?
Jet Zero Strategy (by 2050)
What does 3Di stand for?
3 dimension inefficiency
What does the 3Di tool do?
Gives aircraft a score, based on if they are following an economic track or deviating, causing more COs emissions
What is the 3Di scoring scale.
0 is good, on track. 100+ is bad and off track. It slides in the middle depending on time off-route.
What do Air Quality Units (AQUs) measure at Airports?
Air Quality - specifically, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrous Oxide, non-methane hydrocarbons and particulate matter.
How often is air quality measures at airports?
Hourly
How many Air Quality Units (AQUs) are in the vicinity of Heathrow Airport?
25
What is the majority cause of bad air quality around airprots?
Road traffic - up to 95%
What is the Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM) project?
Working with ANSPs to minimise aviation’s environmental impact.
Who is responsible for the Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM) project?
EUROCONTROL
Who is responsible for the Sustainable Aviation project?
NATS
What is the Sustainable Aviation project?
A working group, set in 2005, bringing UK stakeholders together to improve aviation’s environmental impact.
