Pembelahan sel Flashcards
Jelaskan proses pembelahan biner.
DNA replikasi, sel memanjang, membran sel mulai membentuk lekukan yang membelah sel jadi dua identik sel
Tujuan utama mitosis
pertumbuhan, perbaikan tissue, dan asexual reproduksi di eukariotik sel, yang menghasilkan 2 genetik identikal yang sama (diploid, n), terjadi hanya di sel somatik
Jelaskan proses mitosis
Pertama akan terjadi interfase dimana adanya kondensasi DNA. Profase: DNA akan menjadi chromosom yang mempunyai dua chromatid, benang spidle nanti akan mulai terbentuk dan adanya pemutusan membran nukleus. Metafase: chromosom akan bersatu di tengah membentuk garis, dengan adanya centrosom dan benang spindle di kutub. Anafase: adanya penarikan kromatid di salah satu kutub, dan nanti di akhir proses anafase akan terpisah menjadi dua sisi, tetapi belum ada pisahnya sel dan sitoplasma. Telophase: terjadinya pemisahan dan lekukan di dalm sel. Sitokinesis: sel terpisah meanjadi dua genetically identical daughters.
What is crossing over, and during which phase of meiosis does it occur?
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occurring during Prophase I of meiosis.
What is the result of Meiosis II?
Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells, each with a unique combination of chromosomes.
What is a key difference between Prophase I of meiosis and Prophase of mitosis?
In Prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair and undergo crossing over, while in mitosis, no pairing or crossing over occurs
What is the diploid number of chromosomes?
The diploid number is the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell, which is double the haploid number. For humans, it’s 46 chromosomes.
What is the haploid number, and when is it found?
The haploid number is half the diploid number, found in gametes (sperm and egg cells). In humans, the haploid number is 23 chromosomes.
What is cytokinesis, and how does it differ between plant and animal cells?
Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division following mitosis or meiosis. In animal cells, it occurs through cleavage furrow formation; in plant cells, a cell plate forms to separate the daughter cells.
Define chromatin and its role during cell division
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus; during cell division, it condenses into visible chromosomes to ensure proper segregation.
