Pelvis + perineum

Question 1

describe the perineal triangle

Answer 1

Lateral: ischiopubic ramus

Base (posterior): line between the ischial tuberosities

Apex (anterior): pubic symphysis

Roof: levator ani

Question 2

crus of clitoris = ….

Answer 2

corpus cavernosum

Question 3

what covers the crus of clitoris

Answer 3

ishiocavernosus muscle

Question 4

bulbospongiosus muscle covers…

Answer 4

bulb of the vestibule (vestibule = vaginal opening)

Question 5

describe Colle’s fascia attachments

Answer 5

• attaches to the free edge of the perineum membrane
• attaches to ischiopubic ramus
• attaches to inguinal ligament

Question 6

labia majora in females = ____ in males

Answer 6

scrotum

Question 7

the labia majorum overlies _____

Answer 7

the bulb of the vestibule

Question 8

describe the labia minorum

Answer 8

remnant of the urogenital folds

Question 9

describe episiotomy

Answer 9

• childbirth can make a tear in te perineal body
• an oblique cut through the bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles may help prevent excessive damage

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

describe the corpus spongiosum

Answer 11

contains the urethra along its entire length

Question 12

contraction of which 2 muscles assist in expulsion of semen

Answer 12

1. ischiocavernosus muscles
2. bulbospongiosus muscles

Question 13

describe the deep perineal fascia (Buck’s fascia)

Answer 13

• encloses all 3 bodies (2 corpus cavernosa + corpus spongiosum = erectile tissue)
• Buck’s fascia also creates a septum dividing the cavernosum from the spongiosum
• contains deep dorsal vein and dorsal artery and nerve

Question 14

the corpora cavernosa are surrounded by a continuous thick layer of fascia called _____

Answer 14

tunica albuginea

Question 15

describe urethral injury where Buck’s fascia is not injured

Answer 15

Extravasation is limited to the penis (deep to Buck’s

Question 16

describe urethral injury where Buck’s fascia is injured

Answer 16

Extravasation will extend into the superficial perineal pouch

Question 17

descibe venous drainage of the penis and clitoris

Answer 17

• via the deep dorsal vein
  
  • males: prostatic plexus
  • females: vesicular plexus

Question 18

describe the path of the posterior scrotal and posterior labial

Answer 18

• become the internal pudendal vein
  
  • receives branches from the external anal sphincter

Question 19

anterior scortum and labia majora drain into ___

Answer 19

external pudendal vein

Question 20

describe the autonomic innervation of the perineum

Answer 20

• sympathetic fibers from the saral symp. chain runs in the pudendal nerve and supplies the skin along its distribution
• parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic spalnchnic nerves (S2-4) to the erectile tissues travel the prostatic plexus and run to the erectile tissues at the cavernous nerves

Question 21

the lymphatic drainage of the glans of the clitoris and the penis (as well as the labia minora) goes to ___

Answer 21

deep inguinal

Question 22

lymphatics from the perineal skin drain into the ____

Answer 22

superficial inguinal lymph nodes (horizontal)

Question 23

describe Alcock’s canal

Answer 23

passage within the obturator fascia where the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve run from the lesser sciatic notch to the perineum

pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery pass out the greater and in the lesser sciatic notch