Pelvis - Kidney, Bladder, Urethra

Question 1

Name the anatomical relations of the ureters within the pelvis

Answer 1

As they cross the pelvic brim, they are in close proximity to the ovaries

2cm from ischial spine - ureters run inferior to uterine artery

In males - ureters are crossed anterior by vas deferens

Question 2

Name the anatomical relations of the ureters within the pelvis

Answer 2

As they cross the pelvic brim, they are in close proximity to the ovaries

2cm from ischial spine - ureters run inferior to uterine artery

In males - ureters are crossed anterior by vas deferens

Question 3

The ureter is divided into abdominal and pelvic parts according the it’s anatomical course. Name the:

1. 1. Vascular supply
2. 2. Innervation

Answer 3

1.1.
Renal artery
Gonadal artery
Urethral branches with corresponding veins directly to and from the abdominal aorta

1.2.
Renal, testicular/ovarian and hypogastric plexuses
Sensory fibres from ureter enter SC at T11-L2 - pain refers to these dermatomes

Question 4

Name the 3 anatomical locations where ureteric calculi are most likely to get stuck

Answer 4

Uretopelvic junction, pelvic brim, uretovesical junction

Question 5

The bladder in a normal healthy individual can accommodate 400-600mls of urine.

Name the external features of the bladder

Answer 5

Apex - superior - pointing towards pubic symphasis attached to umbilicus via median umbilical ligament (remnant of the urachus)

Body - main part between apex and fundus

Fundus (base) - posterior - triangular shaped

Neck - continuous with the urethra

Question 6

In contrast to the rest of the internal surface of the bladder the triagone (ureteral and urethral openings) is smooth.

Name the embryological origin of the triagone

Answer 6

Integration of the 2 mesoneohric ducts

Question 7

What are the layers of the bladder?

Answer 7

Bladder wall consisting of detrusor muscle
Submucosa
Lamina propria
Transitional epithelium