Pelvis and perineum Flashcards
How is the pelvic cavity defined?
Coloured red. Abdominal and pelvic cavity is divided by the pelvic inlet. Note that its axis (red dotted line) is angled about 45 degrees, contrary to the axis of the abdominal cavity.
What does the pelvic girdle describe?
Concerns the bones of the pelvis and sacrum.
What are the two main functions of the pelvic girdle?
Hold the bodies weight and join to the lower limbs.
Label the parts of the pelvic girdle
1: Ala of sacrum
2: Iliac Crest
3: Iliac Fossa
4: Pelvic inlet
5: Sacrum
6: Ischial spine
7: Acetabulum
8: Pubic tubercle
9: Inferior pubic ramus
10: Pubic Arch
11: Pubic Synthesis
12: -
13: -
14: Obturator Foramen
15: Coccyx
16: Anterior Inferior Ililac Spine
17: Anterior sacral foramina
18: Anterior superior iliac spine
19: Sacro iliac joint
20: Base of sacrum
What are the two joints of the pelvic girdle?
Sacroiliac and pubic symphysis.
What is the true and false pelvis
The false pelvis contains the absominal cavity.
False is called the greater pelvis; true is the lesser pelvis and is the most important part of the pelvis.
Where are the superior and inferior pubic ligments situated?
Above and below the pubic synthesis respectively
What is the pelvic inlet and outlet?
Pelvic inlet is the superior aperture of the pelvis; pelvic outlet is a diamond shaped area – its boundaries are the pubic symphysis, right and left rami of the pubic arch, the sacrotuberous ligaments and tip of the coccyx.
What is the pubic angle? Alternative name? Differences between males and females?
AKA the subpubic angle, formed by the convergence of the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis on either side.
FEMALES: wide (usually larger than 90 degrees); MALES: narrower (usually smaller than 90 degrees).
What type of joint is the sacro-iliac joint?
Synovial.
What is the pubic symphysis made from? What is it specifically?
Cartilage – it is a secondary cartilaginous joint.
What are the three major bony regions of the hip bone?
ILIUM is the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone; ischium in blue; pubis in pink. These are THREE SEPARATE FUSED bones.
Where do the ilium, ischium and pubis fuse in the pelvis?
In the acetabular fossa.
What is the anatomy of the pelvic-femoral joint?
Acetabulum is the ‘socket’. The articular surface is a surface that makes normal direct contact with another skeletal structure as part of a synovial joint.
Where is the obturatur membrane
Thin fibrous sheet which almost completely closes the obturator foramen.
What does the sacro spinous ligment connect
Attatches ischium of pelvis to coccyx.
What is the pubic arch and sub pubic angle
What is the ischio-pubic ramus
What is the anterior longitudinal ligament ligaments
What is the greater sciatic notch/foramen
Lesser sciatic notch/foramen
D is the lesser sciatic notch/foramen. Formed by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament (add photo).
What are the differences between male and female pelvises? (x6)
[Note about photo – X = difference between symphysis pubis and anterior margin of acetabulum; Y = diameter of the acetabulum.]
Differences are based around the fact that female pelvises are designed for childbirth.
What does the lumbosacral ligament connect?
The lumbar and sacrum
Surface markings of the Kidney
What does the iliolumbar ligament connect
The iliac crest and lumbar 1
What does the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligament connect
Sacrum and iliac crest
What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect
The sacrotuberous ligament is attached by its broad base to the posterior superior iliac spine, the posterior sacroiliac ligaments (with which it is partly blended), to the lower transverse sacral tubercles and the lateral margins of the lower sacrum and upper coccyx.
Where is the location of the transpyloric plane
Midway down the midclavicular line between clavicle and AIIS
or
Midway between pubic symphesis and sternal angle
runs at L1 level. T12 is halfway between scapula and highest point of iliac crest, then L1 is one vertebrae lower
How is palpation of Kidneys carried out?
“The subject should lie flat on a couch with knees and hips semi flexed, if necessary, to relax the abdominal wall muscles. The entire abdomen should be exposed. Only the lower poles of the kidneys can be palpated through the anterior abdominal wall just below the costal margins.
”
Bimanual palpation, using both hands, keep left hand under patients flank palm up-facing. Use right hand to palpate kidney anteriorally, and use index and third finger to ballott the kidney.
Shouldnt be able to feel in a healthy patient
Label the parts of the pelvic girdle
1: Ala of sacrum
2: Iliac Crest
3: Iliac Fossa
4: Pelvic inlet
5: Sacrum
6: Ischial spine
7: Acetabulum
8: Pubic tubercle
9: Inferior pubic ramus
10: Pubic Arch
11: Pubic Synthesis
12: -
13: -
14: Obturator Foramen
15: Coccyx
16: Anterior Inferior Ililac Spine
17: Anterior sacral foramina
18: Anterior superior iliac spine
19: Sacro iliac joint
20: Base of sacrum
What is the true and false pelvis
The false pelvis contains the absominal cavity
Where are the superior and inferior pubic ligments situated?
Above and below the pubic synthesis respectively
What is the pelvic inlet and what are its borders?
Where is the obturatur membrane
What does the sacro spinous ligment connect
Attatches ischium of pelvis to coccyx
What is the pubic arch and sub pubic angle
What is the ischio-pubic ramus
What is the anterior longitudinal ligament ligaments
What is the greater sciatic notch/foramen
Lesser sciatic notch/foramen
D is the lesser sciatic notch/foramen
What separates the greater and lesser sciatic notch/foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament.
What is the difference between male and female pelvis
What does the lumbosacral ligament connect?
The lumbar and sacrum
What does the iliolumbar ligament connect
The iliac crest and lumbar 1
What are the superior and inferior pubic ligaments?
.
What does the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligament connect
Sacrum and iliac crest
What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect
The sacrotuberous ligament is attached by its broad base to the posterior superior iliac spine, the posterior sacroiliac ligaments (with which it is partly blended), to the lower transverse sacral tubercles and the lateral margins of the lower sacrum and upper coccyx.
What is the obturator internus muscle?
Most of the pelvic bone facing the pelvic cavity is covered by the obturator internus muscle and its fascia. Found at the anterior (internal) region of the lesser pelvis and arises from the obturator membrane, and the medial surface of the greater trochanter of femur. LINES THE PELVIC WALL.