Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
3 components of the pelvic girdle
innominate
sacrum
coccyx
innominate includes
ilium
ischium
pubis
greater pelvis DEF
located superiorly, it provides support of the lower abdominal viscera (such as the ileum and sigmoid colon). It has little obstetric relevance.
lesser pelvis DEF
located inferiorly. Within the lesser pelvis reside the pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera.
What is the division between the greater and lesser pelvis?
the pelvic inlet
Boundaries/components of the of the pelvic inlet (brim)
sacral promontory
arcuate line of ilium
pectineal line of pubis
pubic symphysis
Components of the pelvic outlet
Coccyx, sacrotuberous lig., sacrospinous lig., ischial tuberosities, pubic arch
The pelvic outlet is located at the end of the lesser pelvis, and the beginning of the pelvic wall.
What the pelvic outlet an opening into?
perineum NOT lower extremity
What two joints are included in the pelvic girdle?
pubic symphysis- secondary cartilagenous joint
—Usually, there are no movements on this joint, except in pregnancy when the ligaments and cartilage soften, allowing the increase of pelvic diameters during labor.
sacroiliac joint- synovial joint
–limited mobility: gliding and rotation; ligaments of the joint soften during pregnancy –> increase of pelvic diameter during childbirth
iliolumbar ligament attachments
from transverse process of L5 & sacrum to iliac crest
iliolumbar ligament function
restrains contralateral flexion of L5 on S1
inguinal ligament attachments
from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
lacunar ligament- from medial end of the inguinal ligament to medial end of pecten pubis
pectineal ligament- from the inguinal ligament to the pectineal line
sacroiliac ligaments - ventral
the anterior sacroiliac ligament extends from the ala of the ilium, just anterior to the auricular surface, to the pelvic surface of the sacrum.
sacroiliac ligaments- dorsal
from lateral sacral crest to posterior superior iliac spine
sacrospinous ligament attachments
** SEPARATION BETWEEN GREATER AND LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN
from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum
sacrotuberous ligament attachments
from posterior iliac spine & lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity
sacroiliac ligament- interosseous
goes between articular surfaces
a short but very strong band that spans the gap between the sacrum and ilium on the posterior side of the joint by attaching to their tuberosities, just behind the auricular surfaces.
What is the subpubic angle for males?
70 degrees
What is the subpubic angle for females?
90-100 degrees
Male pelvis characteristics
heart shaped inlet
narrow outlet
narrow cavity
narrow, convex sacrum
Female pelvis characteristics
oval shaped inlet
roomy outlet
roomy cavity
wide, flat sacrum
Characteristics of the rectum
smooth walls
5 inches long
surrounded by internal and external anal sphincters
vv.- portal system
aa. - inferior mesenteric artery, internal iliac artery
What anatomical structure is the urinary bladder directly posterior to?
the pubic symphysis
What is the retrouterine pouch?
An extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus. T
What is located posterior-superior to the urinary bladder in a female?
the uterus
puboprostatic ligaments
hold and stabilize the prostate against the pubic bone
The pelvic floor muscles are just ____ to the prostate in males
inferior
What is directly posterior to the urinary bladder in males?
the rectovesical pouch
function of ductus deferens
conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct
sperm flows superior to inferior
the function of the seminal glands
contributes to 85% of ejaculate
coagulating proteins, fructose, prostaglandins, and other specific proteins
Where is the ureter in relation to the ductus deferens?
The ureter passes directly posterior and inferior to the ductus deferens.
The ductus deferens is positioned posterior to the _____
bladder
Formation of ejaculatory ducts
Seminal glands meet with ductus deferens to form ejaculatory ducts within the prostate
Function and location of prostate
surrounds prostatic urethra
contributes alkaline fluid - the prostate’s primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm (seminal fluid).
pyramidal fibromuscular gland
‘shape of walnut’
Where do the secretions of the bulbourethral glands go?
spongy part of urethra
a. They contribute to the final volume of semen by producing a lubricating mucus secretion.
4 parts of the urethra:
1.) pre-prostatic (at neck of bladder)
2.) prostatic
3.) membranous in the deep transverse perineal musculature
4.) spongy part
The function of the bulbourethral glands
lubricating function
lubricate the spongy urethra for the passage of the ejaculate. Due to the alkaline pH of the excreted fluid, they also act to neutralize residual acidic urine that remains in the spongy urethra.
small, round, yellow
The cervix
The lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal).
Parts of the uterus
- Fundus
- Corpus - body
- Cervix [L. neck]
- Internal and external os–> boundaries of the cervix
round ligament of the uterus function
the round ligament supports and anchors the uterus.
During pregnancy, the round ligaments stretch.
Function of the uterine tubes
The uterine tubes, also known as oviducts or fallopian tubes, are the female structures that transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month.
direct ovocyte from peritoneal cavity to the uterine cavity
Ovary
female gonads
composed of dense fibrous tissue in which ova are produced and discharged from follicles (ovulation)
size of almond
infundibulum function
The infundibulum catches and channels the released eggs
What is more lateral to the ovary, the ampulla or the isthmus (uterine tube) ?
the ampulla
The uterus function
fetal development and delivery
thick-walled muscular organ
broad ligament of the uterus
The mesometrium is the mesentery of the uterus. It constitutes the majority of the broad ligament of the uterus, excluding only the portions adjacent to the uterine tube (the mesosalpinx) and ovary (the mesovarium).
What is the endometrium of the uterus?
uterine lining
Function of vagina and termination of vagina:
canal for menstrual fluid
inferior part of birth canal
sexual intercourse
cervical canal (start)–> vaginal vestibule (end)
termination of vagina: vaginal vestibule
Peritoneal folds/regions of the broad ligament
mesosalpinx- closest to the uterine rube
mesovarium- covering the ovary
mesometrium- layer going inferior around the body of the uterus
Collateral circulation to the female internal reproductive organs:
ovaries- ovarian vessels in ovarian suspensory ligament
uterus-uterine vessels (through broad ligament)
vagina- uterine, vaginal, and internal pudendal vessels
Functions of broad ligament of the uterus:
supports ovary
supports uterus
passage for blood supply
