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Human Structure > Pelvis and Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Pelvis and Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the Hip Bone

A

sacrum

ilium

pubis

ischium

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2
Q

Parts of the the Ilium

A
  • ala (wing)
    • iliac crest
    • iliac tubercle
    • anterior superior and inferior iliac spine
    • posterior superior and inferior iliac spine
    • greater sciatic notch
    • iliac fossa
    • auricular surface
  • body
  • arcuate line
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3
Q

Parts of the Ischium

A
  • body
    • ischial spine
    • ischial tuberosity
    • lesser sciatic notch
  • ramus
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4
Q

Pubis

A
  • body
    • symphyseal surface
  • superior pubic ramus
    • pecten pubis
    • pubic tubercle
    • pubic crest
  • inferior pubic ramus
    • +ramus of ischium –> ischiopubic ramus
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5
Q

Acetabulum

A
  • ilium + ischium + pubis
  • hip joint socket
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6
Q

Pubic arch

A
  • formed by left and right ischiopubic rami
  • inferior border is subpubic angle
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7
Q

Parts of the Sacrum

A
  • fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae
  • ala
    • auricular surface
  • sacral promontory - S1
  • superior articular processes - S1
  • ventral and dorsal sacral foramina
  • sacral canal
  • sacral hiatus - 30th and 31st spinal nerves
  • auricular surface
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8
Q

Coccyx

A
  • fusion of 4 rudimentary coccygeal vertebrae
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9
Q

Pelvic Foramina

A
  • sciatic foramnia - notches + sacrospinous ligament + sacrotuberous ligament
    • greater sciatic foramen - leads to gluteal region
    • lesser sciatic foramen - travel from gluteal to perineum
  • obturator foramen - leads to medial thigh
  • sacral foramina
  • sacral hiatus
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10
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament

A
  • from sacrum to ischial spine
  • deep to sacrotuberous ligament
  • prevents rotaiton of sacrum
  • helps for sciatic foramina
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11
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament

A
  • sacrum to ischial tuberosity
  • prevents rotation of sacrum
  • helps form sciatic foramina
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12
Q

Pelvic Brim

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • pubic crest
  • pecten pubis
  • arcuate line of ilium
  • anterior border of the ala of the sacrum
  • sacral promontory
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13
Q

Superior Pelvic Aperture

A
  • bounded by the pelvic brim
  • separates greater/false/major pelvis from lesser/true/minor pelvis
  • Ob/Gyn correlate:
    • anteroposterior diameter is narrowest fixed distance through which baby’s head must pass
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14
Q

Greater Pelvis

A
  • also false or major pelvis
  • technically part of abdominal cavity
  • between the iliac fossa
  • superior to pelvic brim
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15
Q

Lesser Pelvis

A
  • also true and minor pelvis
  • forms pelvic cavity
  • below pelvic brim
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16
Q

Inferior Pelvic Aperture

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • ischiopubic ramus
  • ischial tuberosity
  • sacrotuberous ligament
  • coccyx/sacrum
  • Ob/Gyn correlate: interspinous distance is the narrowest non fixed distance through which baby/s head must pass
17
Q

Gynecoid Pelvis

A
  • adapted for childbearing
  • larger pelvic inlet - round/oval, broader sacrum
  • larger pelvic outlet - wider pubic arch, greater subpubic angle (~90), greater interspinous distance
18
Q

Android Pelvis

A
  • heart-shaped pelvic inlet
  • heavier
  • more prominent protuberances
  • aucte subpubic angle (50-60 degrees)
19
Q

Perineum

A
  • 3D diamond-shaped region between the thighs
  • inferior to pelvic diaphragm
  • urogenital triangle - anterior half of perineum
    • urethra, vagina, base of penis
  • anal triangle - posterior half of perineum
    • ischioanal fossae, anal canal
20
Q

Joints

A
  • sacroiliac
  • pubic symphysis
  • lumbosacral
  • sacroccygeal
21
Q

Sacroiliac Joints

A
  • multiple synovial joints between articular surfaces of sacrum and ilium
  • weight-bearing joints with little mobility
  • ligaments
    • anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
    • sacrotuberous ligament
    • sacrospinous ligament
22
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A
  • secondary fibrocartilaginous joint between symphyseal surfaces of pubic bones
  • strong joint - some mobility, esp during childbirth
  • ligaments:
    • superior and inferior pubic ligament
23
Q

Lumbosacral Joint

A
  • secondary cartilagenous joint between L5 and S1 - intervertebral disc
  • ligaments
    • anterior and posterior longitudinal
    • iliolumbar - prevents rotation of L5 vertebra on sacrum
24
Q

Sacrococcygeal Joint

A
  • secondary cartilaginous joint between S5 and coccygeal vertebrae
  • flexion and extension
25
Q

Ligaments

A
  • iliolumbar ligament
  • anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligament
  • sacrospinous ligament
  • sacrotuberous ligament
  • superior and inferior public ligament
26
Q

Piriformis

A
  • O: anterior sacrum and ischium
    • along posterior wall
    • exit via greater sciatic foramen
  • I: greater trochanter of femur
  • A: lateral rotation of thigh
  • N: nerve to the piriformis
27
Q

Obturator Internus

A
  • O: medial surface of obturator foramen
    • covers lateral wall
    • exits lesser sciatic foramen
  • I: greater trochanter of femur
  • A: lateral rotation of thigh
  • N: nerve to obturator internus
  • covered by obturator fascia
28
Q

Obturator Fascia

A
  • pelvic fascia that covers obturator internus muscle
  • tendinous arch - thickening of obturator fascia within pelvic cavity
    • body of pubis to ischial spine
29
Q

Pudendal Canal

A
  • tunnel formed by obturator fascia within ischioanal fossa
  • transmits pudendal neurovascular bundle
30
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm

A
  • muscular floor of the pelvis
  • separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum
  • 2 parts:
    • levator ani
    • coccygeus
31
Q

Coccygeus

A
  • O: ischial spine
  • I: lateral aspect of sacrum and coccyx
  • A: support
  • I: S3-5
32
Q

Levator Ani

A
  • parts:
    • pubococcygeus
    • puborectalis - voluntary resistance to defecation
    • iliococcygeus
  • support of pelvic viscera - resist downward pressure
  • uorgenital hiatus - urethra, vacina, deep dorsal vein
  • anal hiatus - anorectal junction
33
Q

Nerves of the pelvis

A

lumbosacral trunk (L4-5)

sacral plexus

nerve to the obturator

pudendal nerve

34
Q

Obturator Nerve

A
  • branch of lumbar plexus
  • exits through obturator canal
  • supplies muscles and skin of medial thigh
35
Q

Sacral Plexus

A
  • lumbosacral trunk + ventral rami of S1-4
  • branches:
    • superior gluteal nerve
    • inferior gluteal nerve
    • nerve to piriformis
    • nerve to obturator internus
    • nerve to quadratus femoris
    • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
    • sciatic nerve
36
Q

Pudendal Nerve

A
  • sacral plexus, S2-4) –> greater sciatic foramen –> gluteal region –> lesser sciatic formane –> pudendal canal –> perineum
  • terminal branches:
    • inferior rectal nerve - external anal sphincter, levator ani
    • perineal branches - skin, perineal muscles, levator ani
    • dorsal nerve - penis/clitoris
37
Q

Coccygeal plexus

A

coccygeal nerve + S5

innervates skin of coccyx

Human Structure (5 decks)

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