Pelvis and female reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 bones make up the bony pelvis

A

ischium
ilium
pubis

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2
Q

which of the 3 bones of the pelvis is posterior

A

ischium

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3
Q

which 2 bones of the bony pelvis meet at the acetabulum

A

ilium
pubis

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4
Q

the 3 bones that make up the bony pelvis are posteriorly bordered by

A

sacrum
coccyx

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5
Q

the lesser pelvis is also called the

A

true pelvis

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6
Q

the greater pelvis is also called the

A

false pelvis

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7
Q

the lesser pelvis houses what organs

A

reproductive organs

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8
Q

the greater pelvis houses what organs

A

abdominal organs

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9
Q

the greater/false pelvis is a continuation of what cavity

A

abdominal cavity

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10
Q

the false pelvis contains portions of the

A

colon
small intestine

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11
Q

what structures travel through the greater/false pelvis before entering the true pelvis

A

ureters
blood vessels

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12
Q

the true/lesser pelvis is separated from the false pelvis by the

A

pelvic inlet

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13
Q

the pelvic inlet is also called

A

the pelvic brim

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14
Q

what does the true/lesser pelvis contain

A

urinary bladder
distal colon
majority of reproductive organs

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15
Q

between the false and true pelvis, which has a high concentration of important organs and vessels

A

true pelvis

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16
Q

anterior border of the pelvic inlet

A

pubic symphysis

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17
Q

lateral border of the pelvic inlet

A

arcuate line of ilium and pectinate line of pubis

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18
Q

posterior border of the pelvic inlet

A

sacral promontory and ala

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19
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

ischial spine –> sacrum/coccyx

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20
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

ischial tuberosity –> sacrum

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21
Q

3 sacroiliac ligaments

A

anterior
posterior
interosseous

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22
Q

which sacroiliac ligament provides structure for SI joint

A

interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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23
Q

pubic arch in male

A

generally < 70 degrees

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24
Q

is the pelvic inlet more or less narrow in a male

A

pelvic inlet is more narrow in a male

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25
Q

does a male or female pelvic bone have increased density and thickness

A

male pelvic bone has increased bone density and thickness

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26
Q

does a male or female pelvic have a more pronounced ischial spine

A

male pelvic has a more pronounced ischial spine

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27
Q

is the coccyx fixed in a male or female pelvis

A

coccyx is fixed in a male pelvis

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28
Q

pubic arch in female

A

generally > 80 degrees

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29
Q

is the pelvic inlet wider or narrower in a female pelvis

A

pelvic inlet is wider in a female pelvis

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30
Q

coccyx becomes more flexible due to what hormone

A

relaxin

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31
Q

components of the female reproductive tract

A

external structure/vulva
vagina
cervix
uterus
fallopian/uterine tubes
ovaries

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32
Q

which structures make up the external structure/vulva

A

mons pubis
glands
labia
clitoris
vestibule

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33
Q

which structure in the external female structure provides pelvic shock absorption

A

mons pubis

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34
Q

glands in external female reproductive structure

A

paraurethral (both sides of urethra)
greater vestibular

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35
Q

what structure of the external female reproductive structure allows for closure of vaginal orifice

A

labia

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36
Q

which structure in females is the pleasure center and signals the arousal cascade

A

clitoris

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37
Q

which structure in females contains the opening of the vagina proper

A

vestibule

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38
Q

homologous structure for clitoris

A

glans penis

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39
Q

homologous structure for prepuce

A

prepuce

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40
Q

homologous structure for body of penis

A

body of clitoris

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41
Q

homologous structure for labia majora

A

scrotum

42
Q

homologous structure for raphe of penis

A

labia minora

43
Q

what gland is swollen in bartholin cyst/abscess

A

greater vestibular gland

44
Q

what percent of female population is affected by bartholin cysts/abscesses

A

~2%

45
Q

when are bartholin cysts/abscesses more common

A

child-bearing years

46
Q

Jacobi ring is used for

A

bartholin cysts/abscess

47
Q

elastic muscular tube extending from cervix to vestibule

A

vagina

48
Q

functions of vagina

A

intercourse
reproduction processes
labor

49
Q

blood supply of vagina

A

vaginal branches of uterine artery

50
Q

what type of cells are common in vagina

A

squamous epithelium
glandular cells

51
Q

what do glandular cells do in vagina

A

release mucus

52
Q

what bacteria predominates in vagina

A

lactobacillus

53
Q

average pH in vagina

A

4.0-4.5

54
Q

how is the vagina naturally hostile to pathogens

A

pH
innate leukocytes

55
Q

thick muscular transition point between vagina and uterus

A

cervix

56
Q

what structure in a female is termed the “gatekeeper”

A

cervix

57
Q

what structure in a female maintains sterility of the uterus and upper reproductive tract

A

cervix

58
Q

where do Fallopian tubes open

A

into abdominal cavity

59
Q

when does the cervix open slightly

A

during menstruation

60
Q

why do we have increased risk of PID with exposure to pathogen during menstruation

A

cervix opens slightly

61
Q

what shape is the uterus

A

pear shaped

62
Q

where is the uterus found in relation to the cervix

A

found above the cervix

63
Q

what does the uterus protrude into

A

the abdominal cavity of the pelvic bowl

64
Q

function of the uterus

A

gestation

65
Q

important ligaments in uterus

A

broad
round
ovarian
uterosacral

66
Q

what 2 layers make up the endometrium

A

basal layer
functional layer

67
Q

which layer in the endometrium never sheds

A

basal layer

68
Q

which layer in the endometrium is adjacent to the myometrium

A

basal layer

69
Q

which layer in the endometrium sheds during menstrual cycle

A

functional layer

70
Q

which layer in the endometrium contains majority of endometrial glands

A

functional layer

71
Q

primary blood supply to the uterus

A

uterine artery

72
Q

where does the uterine artery come from

A

internal iliac

73
Q

secondary source of blood supply to the uterus

A

ovarian artery

74
Q

where does the ovarian artery come from

A

abdominal aorta

75
Q

How does blood supply travel for the endometrium

A

uterine artery –> arcuate artery –> radial artery –> basal artery –> spiral artery

76
Q

which artery supplies the basal layer

A

basal artery

77
Q

which artery supplies the functional layer

A

spiral artery

78
Q

continuation of the uterus

A

fallopian (uterine) tubes

79
Q

function of fallopian tubes

A

draws ovum/zygote into uterus, site of fertilization

80
Q

what is the main location of fertilization

A

ampulla

81
Q

what type of epithelia in the fallopian tubes

A

unique ciliated columnar epithelia

82
Q

what muscles do peristalsis in fallopian tubes

A

smooth muscle peristalsis

83
Q

blood supply to fallopian tubes

A

ovarian artery

84
Q

small paired organ found in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY

A

ovaries

85
Q

function of the ovaries

A

ova/hormone production (estrogen and progesterone)

86
Q

blood supply to the ovaries

A

ovarian artery/vein

87
Q

ligaments in the ovaries

A

ovarian
suspensory
broad

88
Q

layers of the ovary

A

tunica albuginea > cuboid epithelium > cortex > medulla

89
Q

common culprit of ovarian torsion

A

large cysts

90
Q

contains simple set of unpaired chromosomes

A

haploid

91
Q

contains full complement of paired chromosomes

A

diploid

92
Q

is a gamete haploid or diploid

A

haploid

93
Q

how many somatic chromosomes in gamete

A

22

94
Q

how many sex chromosomes in gamete

A

1

95
Q

X and Y in spermatozoa

A

50% x 50% y

96
Q

X and Y in ovum

A

100% x

97
Q

combination of gametes to form zygote

A

fertilization

98
Q

what is the product of fertilization

A

zygote

99
Q

how many chromosomes in zygote

A

46

100
Q

determined by sex chromosome composition (XX/XY)

A

genotypic sex

101
Q

change that sperm undergo in the reproductive tract that allow them to penetrate and fertilize an ovum

A

capacitation