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ANAT380 > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

the bony pelvis

A
  • the pelvic girdle is the bony structure at the base of the spine which joins lower limbs to axial skeleton
  • pelvic cavity bounded by bony pelvis and is an extension of the abdominal cavity
  • due to orientation of pelvis, cavity projects backwards (almost at a right angle to abdominal cavity)
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2
Q

what divides the pelvic cavity

A

pelvic brim (linea terminalis)

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3
Q

greater (false) cavity

A
  • region above pelvic brim
  • forms lower part of abdominal cavity
  • greater cavity is larger and sits superior to lesser cavity
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4
Q

lesser (true) cavity

A
  • below pelvic brim

- contains pelvic inlet (pelvic brim) and pelvic outlet that is largely closed by the pelvic floor

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5
Q

what is the difference between the pelvic cavity in females and males

A

pelvic cavity in females forms the birth canal therefore it is wider and more shallow with a larger inlet and outlet than males

  • subpubic angle in females >90-100 degrees
  • subpubic angle in males 70 degrees
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6
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

between sacrum and ilium

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7
Q

pubic symphysis

A

joining right and left pubic bones

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8
Q

the pelvic floor

A

wide but thin muscular layer that supports the pelvic viscera and forms the inferior border of the abdominopelvic cavity

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9
Q

levator ani

A

broad muscle group situated on either side of pelvis, main pelvic floor muscle

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10
Q

coccygeus

A
  • muscle that makes up posterior portion of pelvic floor
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11
Q

urogenital hiatus

A
  • U-shaped opening for urethra and vagina
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12
Q

anal aperture

A
  • passage for anal canal
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13
Q

the puborectal sling

A
  • some fibres of levator ani form sling around the rectum
  • attaches to pubic bone and wraps posteriorly around rectum forming anorectal flexure
  • contraction of puborectal sling keeps rectum closed until defecation
  • relaxation allows anorectal flexure to straighten during defecation
  • puborectal sling can be damaged during vaginal delivery and can even be torn off from pubic insertion
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14
Q

pelvic peritoneum

A

forms roof over pelvic cavity – is continuous with parietal peritoneum of abdomen

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15
Q

pouches formed by pelvic peritoneum in females

A

vesicouterine pouch and rectouterine pouch

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16
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A
  • descends from back of anterior abdominal wall onto upper surface of urinary bladder and then onto anterior surface of uterus
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17
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

continues over fundus of uterus, down its posterior wall to upper part of posterior vagina, up anterior surface of rectum

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18
Q

pouch formed by pelvic peritoneum in males

A

rectovesical pouch

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19
Q

rectovesical pouch

A

descends from back of anterior abdominal wall to superior surface of urinary bladder, passes down posterior surface of bladder and upper ends of seminal vesicles, passes anterior surface of rectum

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20
Q

urinary systems in the pelvis

A
  • ureters descend into pelvic cavity and cross over common iliac arteries (site where renal stones lodge)
  • pelvic ureters continue along lateral pelvic wall to enter urinary bladder posteriorly
  • in males, site where ureters drain into bladder, vas deferens crosses ureter anteriorly
  • in females, each ureter is crossed by uterine artery
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21
Q

sigmoid colon

A

forms S-shaped loop of variable length, lies under pelvic cavity, ending at middle of sacrum (S3) where it is continuous with the rectum

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22
Q

rectum

A

follows curvature of sacrum (sacral flexure) before turning posteriorly at anorectal flexure to end at anal canal

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23
Q

venous drainage of sigmoid colon and rectum

A

inferior mesenteric vein

24
Q

vas deferens

A
  • one of many structures found in inguinal canal
  • within spermatic cord
  • along with neurovascular structures
25
Q

testicular artery

A

branch off abdominal aorta

26
Q

artery to vas deferens

A

branch off the internal iliac artery

27
Q

pampiniform plexus (of testicular veins)

A

network of veins that drains venous blood from testis into testicular vein

28
Q

cremasteric artery

A

supplies the fascial coverings and muscle of the spermatic cord

29
Q

ovarian arteries

A
  • lateral paired arteries that supply the gonads
  • lateral branches of abdominal aorta at level of L1
  • supply ovaries and distal uterine tubes
30
Q

uterine arteries

A
  • branches of internal iliac arteries
  • uterine arteries cross over ureters
  • uterine arteries anastomose with ovarian artery
  • vagina supplied by vaginal branches of both uterine and internal iliac arteries
  • uterine arteries supply proximal uterine tubes
31
Q

perineum

A
  • part of pelvic cavity inferior to pelvic floor
  • contains structures that support the urogenital and GI systems
  • diamond shaped area bounded by the pubic symphysis anteriorly, ischial tuberosities laterally and coccyx posteriorly
  • divided by imaginary line joining ischial tuberosities into the anal triangle posteriorly and urogenital triangle anteriorly
32
Q

perineal membrane

A
  • layer of deep fascia that contributes to stability of anterior part of pelvic floor as well as attachment for external genitalia
  • divides urogenital triangle into superficial and deep pouch
  • passing through perineal membrane is urethra in males and urethra and vagina in females
33
Q

perineal body

A

attached to posterior border of perineal membrane

34
Q

superficial perineal pouch

A
  • lies superficial to perineal membrane

- contains muscle, skin, external genitalia

35
Q

deep perineal pouch

A
  • contains urogenital diaphragm, a layer of skeletal muscle composed of the external urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscles
36
Q

perineal body

A
  • fibromuscular mass at center of perineum which provides attachment for muscles of perineum
  • helps strengthen pelvic floor
  • larger in females
37
Q

ischiorectal fossa

A
  • wedge-shaped triangular space between ischium and anal canal
  • each fossa is a fat-filled space which allows for expansion of anal canal during defecation
38
Q

pudendal canal

A
  • pudendal canal on lateral wall of each ischiorectal fossa

- formed into the obturator fascia and contains the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels

39
Q

anal glands

A

located in ischiorectal fossa drain into anal canal

40
Q

muscles of penis

A
  • penis composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue: corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum
  • at root of penis, 2 crura of penis are covered by ischiocavernosus muscles, bulb covered by bulbospongiosus muscles
  • these voluntary skeletal muscles compress the crura and bulb during erection
  • bulbospongiosus muscles compress urethra during urination and ejaculation
41
Q

prepuce/foreskin

A

thin, loose skin that covers the glans

42
Q

clitoris

A
  • consists mainly of erectile tissues and is attached to perineal membrane by 2 crura and 2 vestibular glands
43
Q

body of clitoris

A

right and left crus of clitoris (attached to perineal membrane) unite anteriorly to form body

44
Q

glans clitoris

A
  • located on distal portion of its body
  • on each side of vaginal orifice (anchored to perineal membrane) are the vestibular bulbs which unite anteriorly to form glans clitoris
45
Q

vulva/pudendum

A

female external genitalia

46
Q

mons pubis

A

rounded mass of fatty tissue formed by union of labia majora

47
Q

female prepuce

A

anterior and superior to clitoris, prepuce formed from fusion of labia minora

48
Q

frenulum

A

anterior and inferior to clitoris, fusion of labia minora forms one frenulum

49
Q

greater vestibular glands

A
  • lie posterior to bulbs of vestibule on each side of vaginal orifice
  • during sexual arousal, produce mucus carried by ducts that open at posterolateral margins of vaginal orifice
  • homologous to bulbourethral glands in males
50
Q

muscles of the clitoris

A
  • structures of root of clitoris covered by perineal muscles
  • 2 ischiocavernosus muscles cover crura of clitoris and 2 bulbospongiosus muscles cover bulbs of vestibules and greater vestibular glands
  • these muscles compress crura of clitoris and bulbs of vestibule during erection of clitoris
51
Q

umbilical artery

A
  • transports deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

- after birth, proximal branches become superior vesical artery that supplies upper part of bladder

52
Q

inferior vesicle artery

A

supplies bladder, ureters, seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus deferens

53
Q

internal pudendal artery

A
  • exits through greater sciatic foramen and enters lesser sciatic foramen to perineum through pudendal canal
  • supplies skin and muscles of anal triangle, urogenital triangle associated erectile bodies
54
Q

what is the main branch of the sacral plexus to the perineum

A

pudendal nerve (S2-4)

55
Q

describe the pathway of the pudendal nerve

A

leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, crossing ischial spine, enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

56
Q

perineal nerve

A

important branch of pudendal nerve
- runs through deep perineal pouch into superficial pouch to supply sensory and motor innervation to urogenital region including external urethral sphincter

ANAT380 (7 decks)

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