pelvic organs Flashcards
what is the difference between the true pelvic cavity and pernium?
they are separated by the pelvic diaphragm
where is the false pelvis? where is the true pelvis?
false- iliac crests to plane of pelvic inlet. true- pelvic inlet to pelvic diaphragm
in females, what organs are in the true pelvis vs perineum?
true pelvis- bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum. perineum- distal vagina, urethra, anus, labia, clitorus
in males, what organs are in the true pelvis vs the perineum?
true pelvis- bladder, rectum, prostate, seminal vesicles. perineum- penis, urethra, testes, and anus
what are the three major subdivisions of the pelvis?
pubis, ilium, ischium
know these parts: iliac crest, sacroiliac joint, iliac fossa, ASIS, AIIS, antabular margin, pubic arch, obdurator foramen, superior and anterior pubic rami
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know these parts: PSIS, PIIS, ischial spine, ischial tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch, greater sciatic notch
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know these lines of the pubic inlet: sacral ala, arcuate line, pectineal line, pubic crest, sarcral promontory
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the ASIS and pubic symphsis are in the same vertical plane
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are the planes of the pubic inlet and pubic outlet parallel?
no the pubic inlet is slanted anteriorly d/t or bipedal locomotion, which has ramifications during child birth
differences between male and female pelvises
female- circular inlet, reduced sacral promontory, less prominent ischial spines, larger pubic arch
male- heart shaped inlet, prominent sacral promontory, prominent media ischial spines, smaller pubic arch
identify- sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, obdurator membrane
sacrospinous ligament- ischial spine to coccyx. divides the lesser and greater sciatic foramen.
sacrotuberous ligament- PSIS to ischial tuberosity
what are the 3 muscles in the pelvis?
obturator internus muscle- covers the anterolateral pelvic wall
piriformis muscle- posterolateral pelvic wall
pelvic diaphragm- inferior border of the pelvic outlet
what are the borders of the pelvic outlet?
lateral- ischiopubic rami and ischial trochanter,
anterior- pubic symphysis
posterior- sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx
rectal ampulla
transverse folds in the rectum that support feces
perineal flexture
the pelvic diaphragm pulls the rectum anteriorly, causing it to move posteriorly after it passes through, creating a flexture
do the ureters pass anterior or posterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery?
anterior
how is vesicouteral reflux prevented?
slit like ureter openings and an oblique course through the bladder
what are the parts of the bladder?
apex- anterior
base- posterior
neck- beginning of urethra
trigone- triangle formed between ureters and urethra
detrusor muscle
wall of bladder
uvula
a protusion of the prostate into the urethra
what are the 4 regions of the male urethra?
preprostatic, prostatic, membranous (in the diaphragm), and spongy (post diaphragm)
what are the 3 accessory genital glands in the male?
seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and the prostate
urethral crest and seminal colliculus
the raised posterior wall of the prostatic urethra. urethral sinus is on either side of the crest
greater vestibular glands
associated with the vaginal tract in the perineum
how does the ratio of cervix to corpus change over life?
at birth, the corpus:cervix ratio is 1/3:2/3. it then becomes 1/2:1/2 in adulthood before child birth. after birth it goes to 1/3:2/3
anteverted vs anteflexed
anteverted means the uterus is tipped anteriorly compared to the vagina. anteflexed means the uterus is flexed anteriorly compared to the cervix. normal females are both.
what did the round and proper ligament of the ovary originate from?
the gubernaculum
where does the round ligament go?
through the deep ring and into the fat of the labia
describe the different portions of the uterine tube?
infundiublium- the end
ampulla- fat part before the end where fertilization occurs
isthmus- skinny part near body of uterus
fimbrae- finger like things that catch eggs
suspensory ligament of the ovary
carries the vessels that supply the ovary. travels from retroperitoneum
vaginal fornix
formed by the recess of the cervix and the vaginal wall. deepest posteriorily
palpated structures in females
vagina, cervix, posterior bladder, anterior rectum, ischial spine,w/ bimanual exam- sacrum, ovaries, uterus
palpable in men
rectum, prostate, seminal vesicles, ischial spine, sacrum, and coccyx
what happens to the transversalis fascia in the pelvis?
it becomes the pelvic fascia
what happens to the transperitoneal fascia between the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum?
it becomes the endopelvic fascia
what happens to the peritoneum in the pelvis?
it reflects over the bladder
what are the 3 ligaments formed via fascial condensation in females
pubocervical/pubovesicle- support the urethra, bladder, cervix, important for continence
transverse cervical ligament- anchors the cerxix laterally to the pelvis
uterosacral ligament- anchors the cervix and uterus to the sacrum
what are the 2 ligaments formed via fascial condensation in males?
puboprostatic ligament- anchors the prostate to the pubic bone
sacrogenitcal- anchors the prostate to the sacrum
what is the one organ in the pelvis that is not subperitoneal
the uterus- intraperitoneal
in males, what are the rectovesical pouch and the pararectal fossae?
rectovesicle- between the prostate and rectum.
pararectal fossae- on either side of the rectum
in females, what is the vesicouterine pouch and the rectouterine pouch
vesico- anterior to the uterus
recto- posterior to the uterus
where do loose pelvic fluids accumulate in females?
in the rectouterine pouch
describe the subcomponents of the broad ligament
off the uterus body- mesometrium
between the ovary and uterine tube mesosalpinx
between the mesosalpinx and the ovary- mesovarium
