Pelvic girdle, pelvic floor, and perineal anatomy Flashcards
What are the upper + lower boundaries of the pelvic cavity?
Pelvic brim (inlet) + pelvic floor
The pelvic floor is composed of which 2 muscles?
Levator ani
Coccygeus
What 2 triangles can the perineum be divided into?
Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle
What are the 4 bony points which make up the perineal triangles?
Pubic symphysis
2 Ischial tuberosities
Coccyx
What angle does the pelvic inlet lie at in relation to horizontal?
60 degrees
Levator ani is composed of which 3 muscles?
Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Which nerve root is the primary innervation of the pelvic floor muscles?
S4
Which 2 gaps are potential points of weakness in the pelvic floor?
Urogenital hiatus
Anal aperture
Which structure overlays the urogenital hiatus to provide support?
Perineal membrane
What are the areas above and below the perineal membrane called?
Above - deep perineal pouch
Below - superficial perineal pouch
Which 4 structures are found in the deep perineal pouch of females?
Deep transverse perineal muscle
External urinary sphincter
Compressor urethrae
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
Which 3 structures are found in the deep perineal pouch of males?
Deep transverse perineal muscle
External urinary sphincter
Bulbourethral glands
Which 3 structures are found in the superficial perineal pouch of females?
Bulb of vestibule
Crus of clitoris
Glans clitoris
Which muscle covers the bulb of vestibule?
Bulbospongiosus
Which muscle covers the crus of the clitoris?
Ischiocavernosus
What is the direction that an episiotomy is performed?
Mediolateral
