Pelvic Girdle, Gluteal Region, Thigh Flashcards
What are the three bones that make up the pelvic girdle
Left and right hip bone
Sacrum
What ligament makes the sciatic notch into a sciatic foramen
Sacrotuberous ligament
T/F: only the first sacral vertebra has a weight bearing functio
True
How many bones fuse to form the sacrum? The coccyx?
5
4
At what age do the pelvic bones fuse
20-25
What cartilage separates the three bones of the hip during puberty
Triradiate cartilage
What bones contribute to the formation of acetabulum. And which forms what part of the acetabulum
Ilium - superior
Ischium - posteroinferior
Pubis - anteromedial
A cartilaginous joint that joins the pelvic bones anteriorly
Pubic symphysis
Covers the obturator foramen but not entirely
Obturator membrane
What bone do you sit on
Ischial tuberosity
What kind of joint is the acetabulum
Ball and socket joint
T/F: the acetabulum is the most stable joint in the body
True
The remaining space not covered by the obturator membrane is called the what. And for what structures it is a passage for
Obturator canal
Obturator nerve and vessels
What cartilage surrounds the acetabulum to deepen it
Acetabular labrum
T/F: the ASIS and pubic tubercle are on the same vertical plane
True
What ligament runs from the asis to the pubis
Inguinal ligament
What foramen serves as passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis? How about the perineum?
Greater sciatic foramen for the pelvis
Lesser sciatic foramen for the perineum
Components of a synovial joint
Articular cartilage
Synovial membrane
Fibrous capsule
The femoral bone transmits body weight from the hip bone to what bone
Tibia
Common fracture site in elderly that may lead to avascular necrosis of femoral head
Neck of femur
Site where the femoral neck and shaft join
Intertrochanteric line
Broad rough line located posteriorly in the femur
Linea aspera
Separate condyles posteriorly
Intercondylar fossa
Merges 2 condyles of femur anteriorly
Patellar surface
Muscle that occupies the iliac fossa
Iliacus
Strongest flexor of the hip
Iliopsoas
Landmark muscle in the gluteal region
Piriformis
Where does the piriformis pass through to leave the pelvic cavity
Greater sciatic foramen
The obturator internus will move out of the gluteal region by passing through the what foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
Largest branch of the lumbar plexus
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Largest nerve in the body
Sciatic nerve
Give the lumbosacral nerves contributing to formation of:
Obturator nerve Femoral nerve Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Fibular division of sciatic nerve Tibial division of sciatic nerve
L2-L4 L2-L4 L4-S1 L5-S2 L4-S2 L4-S3
What groove separates the buttocks from each other
Intergluteal cleft or natal cleft
Demarcates the inferior boundary of the buttocks
Gluteal fold
Fascia that covers the entire thigh
Fascia lata
Tendon of the tensor fascia lata
Iliotibial tract
Largest, heaviest, and most coarsely fibered muscle in the body
Gluteus maximus
Separate the gluteus maximus from adjacent structures
Gluteal bursae
Deep muscles of the gluteal region functions to…
Laterally rotate thigh
What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
Piriformis Gluteus medius and minimus Obturator internus Superior and inferior gemelli Quadratus femoris
What forms the triceps coxae
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
What muscles occupies the gap between piriformis and quadratus femoris
Triceps coxae
The two phases of the gate cycle and what occurs in those two phases
Stance phase
- begins with heel strike
- ends with push off
Swing phase
- begins after push off
- ends when heel strikes ground
What muscle works to maintain both hips at the same level
Gluteus medius
Chief flexor of the thigh
Iliopsoas
What muscle is in the anterior thigh but functions to adduct the thigh
Pectineus
Also known as the tailors muscle
Sartorius
Muscle that allows one to sit cross legged
Sartorius
What is the longest muscle
Sartorius
Anterior thigh muscle but acts to flex thigh and leg
Sartorius
Main action of anterior muscles of thigh
Flexors of thigh and extension of leg
What is the greatest extensor of the leg
Quadriceps femoris
What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
What muscles do not cross the hip joint. Are only at the femur. And functions for knee extension only
Vasti muscles
What is the action of the medial muscles of the thigh and enumerate them
Adductors of the thigh Adductor longus Adductor magnus Adductor brevis Gracilis Obturator externus (lateral rotation)
What makes up the pes anserinus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
What are the hamstring muscles
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Senimembranosus
What muscle is affected in rider’s strain?
Adductor longus
What are the muscles located in the posterior thigh
Hamstring muscles
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris
What are the contents of the femoral sheath
Femoral artery vein and lymphatics
Where does femoral herniation usually occur in the femoral sheath? Artery or vein or canal with lymphatics?
Lymphatics because its spacious compared to other two which occupies the space fully
Femoral ring!!
3 compartments of the femoral sheath. Lateral contains what medial what and intermediate what
Lateral - femoral artery
Intermediate - femoral vein
Medial - femoral canal
What forms the base of the femoral canal
Femoral ring
Where does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
When it passes the inguinal ligament
What are the borders of the femoral triangle
Superior - inguinal ligament
Lateral - sartorius
Medial - adductor longus
What are the contents of the femoral triangle (from lateral to medial)
Femoral nerve Femoral sheath (artery, vein, lymphs)
Also known as the subartorial or hunter canal
Adductor canal
What canal provides an intermuscular passage for the femoral artery, vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
Adductor canal
Where is the adductor hiatus found
Adductor magnus
What transmits the femoral artery and vein from the adductor canal to the popliteal fossa
Adductor hiatus
What comprises the knee joint
Femur
Tibia
Patella
The knee joint is what type of synovial joint
Hinge joint
What ligaments crisscross within the knee joint capsule
Cruciate ligaments
What prevents the hyperflexion of the knee joint
PCL
What prevents the hyperextension of knee joint
ACL
Which is weaker, ACL or PCL?
ACL
What prevents the anterior displacement of the femur? How about the posterior displacement?
PCL
ACL
