Pelvic Floor and Viscera Flashcards
What are the 3 sets of ligaments formed by the thickening of the endopelvic fascia and what do they do
- Pubocervical
- Uterosacral or vesicosacral in males
- Lateral cervical ligament in females
- Divide the pelvic fascia into 8 spaces
What forms the pelvic diaphragm
- Levator ani
- Coccygeus muscle
What 3 muscles make up the levator ani
- Puborectalis
- Pubococcygeus
- Iliococcygeus
What structures pass through the levator ani
- Urethra
- Vagina
- Anal canal
What are the pelvic floor muscles
- Levator ani (and its 3 parts)
- Coccygeus
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
What is the proximal attachment or origin of the piriformis muscle
- Anterior surface of 2nd and 4th sacral segments and Sacrotuberous ligament
What is the proximal attachment or origin of the obturator internus muscle
- Pelvic aspect of the obturator membrane and pelvic bones
What is the distal attachment or insertion of the obturator internus and the piriformis muscles
- Greater trochanter of the femur
What is the distal attachment or insertion of the levator ani muscle
- Perineal body
- coccyx
- anococcygeal raphe
- Walls of prostate or vagina
- rectum
- anal canal
What is the distal attachment or insertion of the coccygeus muscle
- Inferior sacrum
- Coccyx
What is the name of the recess formed by the parietal peritoneum reflected over the of the upper 1/3 of the rectum and superior surface of the bladder
- Rectovesical pouch
What is the proximal attachment or origin of the Levator ani muscle
- Body of pubis, obturator fascia and Ischial spine
What are the names of the 2 pouches formed by the peritoneum over the rectus, uterus and superior side of the bladder in women
- Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
- Vesicouterine pouch
What is the body wall lined by in the pelvic cavity
- Pelvic fascia which can split into parietal and visceral layers.
What does the visceral layer of pelvic fascia blend with
- Visceral peritoneum if present (e.g. superior surface of the bladder
