Pelvic anatomy lecture

Question 1

Male bony pelvis - General structure?

Answer 1

Thick + heavy

Question 2

Male bony pelvis - Greater (false) pelvis?

Answer 2

Deep

Question 3

Male bony pelvis - Lesser (true) pelvis?

Answer 3

Narrow and deep

Question 4

Male bony pelvis - Pelvic inlet?

Answer 4

Heart-shaped

Question 5

Male bony pelvis - Pelvic outlet?

Answer 5

Comparatively small

Question 6

Male bony pelvis - Sub-pubic angle?

Answer 6

Narrow

Question 7

Male bony pelvis - Obturator foramen?

Answer 7

Round

Question 8

Male bony pelvis - Acetabulum?

Answer 8

Large

Question 9

Female bony pelvis - General structure?

Answer 9

Thin + light

Question 10

Female bony pelvis - Greater (false) pelvis?

Answer 10

Shallow

Question 11

Female bony pelvis - Lesser (true) pelvis?

Answer 11

Wide and shallow

Question 12

Female bony pelvis - Pelvic inlet?

Answer 12

Oval + rounded

Question 13

Female bony pelvis - Pelvic outlet?

Answer 13

Comparatively large

Question 14

Female bony pelvis - Sub-pubic angle?

Answer 14

Wide

Question 15

Female bony pelvis - Obturator foramen?

Answer 15

Oval

Question 16

Female bony pelvis - Acetabulum?

Answer 16

Small

Question 17

Which part of the pelvis is termed the false pelvis?

Answer 17

The Greater pelvis (Pelvis major)

Question 18

Which part of the pelvis is termed the true pelvis?

Answer 18

The lesser pelvis (Pelvis minor)

Question 19

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 19

Bicondylar synovial joint

Question 20

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 20

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 21

Diameter of the female pelvic outet - Anteroposterior?

Answer 21

13cm

Question 22

Diameter of the female pelvic outet - Transverse?

Answer 22

11cm

Question 23

Diameter of the female pelvic inlet - Anteroposterior?

Answer 23

11cm

Question 24

Diameter of the female pelvic inlet - Transverse?

Answer 24

13cm

Question 25

Diameter of the female pelvic inlet - Oblique?

Answer 25

12cm

Question 26

What forms the anterior wall of the pelvis?

Answer 26

1) Bodies of the pubis bones 2) Pubic Rami 3) Pubic symphysis

Question 27

What forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

Answer 27

1) Coccyx and sacrum | 2) The piriformis muscles with their coverings of the parietal pelvic fascia

Question 28

What forms the lateral wall of the pelvis?

Answer 28

1) Hip bone 2) Obturator membrane 3) Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments 4) Obturator internus muscle and its covering fascia

Question 29

What forms the inferior wall of the pelvis?

Answer 29

The pelvic diaphragm

Question 30

Which nerve network lies on the piriformis muscle of the posterior wall of the pelvis?

Answer 30

The Sacral plexus (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4)

Question 31

What is the main nerve given off from the sacral plexus?

Answer 31

The Sciatic nerve

Question 32

What are the two main divisions of the Sciatic nerve?

Answer 32

1) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve = L4, L5, S1 and S2 | 2) Tibial nerve = L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3

Question 33

What is the perineal body?

Answer 33

A complex musculotendinous structure which gives an attachment of the perineal muscles. (Located immediately posterior to the urethral hiatus)

Question 34

What is the anococcygeal body?

Answer 34

A complex musculotendinous structure which gives an insertion point for the Levator ani muscles. (Immediately posterior to the rectal hiatus and attaches to the coccyx)

Question 35

What are the two major parts of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 35

1) Levator ani | 2) Coccygeus muscle

Question 36

What are the three muscles of the Levator ani, where do they all insert?

Answer 36

From medial to lateral: 1) Puborectalis m. 2) Pubococcygeus m. 3) Iliococcygeus m. Insert on the anococcygeal body

Question 37

What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 37

1) Support of the abdominopelic viscera (E.g. bladder, intestines, uterus etc) 2) Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressures (E.g. heavy lifting or coughing) 3) Urinary and faecal continence

Question 38

What is the innervation of the Levator ani muscles?

Answer 38

Branches of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

Question 39

What is the innervation of the coccygeus muscle?

Answer 39

Anterior rami of S4 and S5

Question 40

What is a cystocele?

Answer 40

Bladder prolapse into the vagina

Question 41

What is a rectocele?

Answer 41

Rectal prolapse into the vagina

Question 42

Injury to the pelvic floor in childbirth can lead to what?

Answer 42

1) Prolapse/herniation 2) Urinary stress incontinence 3) Rectal incontinence

Question 43

Why may an episiotomy minimise long-term damage in childbirth?

Answer 43

Helps to prevent uncontrolled tearing of the perineal muscles. E.g. If the midline fibres of the puborectalis are torn rectal herniation will often occur. This can be stopped with an Episiotomy

Question 44

Is midline or mediolateral episiotomy preferred? Why?

Answer 44

Mediolateral are there is a decreased risk of deep perineal tears versus midline (7% versus 14.8%)