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Year 3 Anatomy - Reproductive > Pelvic anatomy lecture > Flashcards

Pelvic anatomy lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Male bony pelvis - General structure?

A

Thick + heavy

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2
Q

Male bony pelvis - Greater (false) pelvis?

A

Deep

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3
Q

Male bony pelvis - Lesser (true) pelvis?

A

Narrow and deep

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4
Q

Male bony pelvis - Pelvic inlet?

A

Heart-shaped

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5
Q

Male bony pelvis - Pelvic outlet?

A

Comparatively small

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6
Q

Male bony pelvis - Sub-pubic angle?

A

Narrow

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7
Q

Male bony pelvis - Obturator foramen?

A

Round

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8
Q

Male bony pelvis - Acetabulum?

A

Large

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9
Q

Female bony pelvis - General structure?

A

Thin + light

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10
Q

Female bony pelvis - Greater (false) pelvis?

A

Shallow

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11
Q

Female bony pelvis - Lesser (true) pelvis?

A

Wide and shallow

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12
Q

Female bony pelvis - Pelvic inlet?

A

Oval + rounded

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13
Q

Female bony pelvis - Pelvic outlet?

A

Comparatively large

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14
Q

Female bony pelvis - Sub-pubic angle?

A

Wide

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15
Q

Female bony pelvis - Obturator foramen?

A

Oval

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16
Q

Female bony pelvis - Acetabulum?

A

Small

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17
Q

Which part of the pelvis is termed the false pelvis?

A

The Greater pelvis (Pelvis major)

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18
Q

Which part of the pelvis is termed the true pelvis?

A

The lesser pelvis (Pelvis minor)

19
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Bicondylar synovial joint

20
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

21
Q

Diameter of the female pelvic outet - Anteroposterior?

A

13cm

22
Q

Diameter of the female pelvic outet - Transverse?

A

11cm

23
Q

Diameter of the female pelvic inlet - Anteroposterior?

A

11cm

24
Q

Diameter of the female pelvic inlet - Transverse?

A

13cm

25
Q

Diameter of the female pelvic inlet - Oblique?

A

12cm

26
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the pelvis?

A

1) Bodies of the pubis bones
2) Pubic Rami
3) Pubic symphysis

27
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

1) Coccyx and sacrum

2) The piriformis muscles with their coverings of the parietal pelvic fascia

28
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

1) Hip bone
2) Obturator membrane
3) Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
4) Obturator internus muscle and its covering fascia

29
Q

What forms the inferior wall of the pelvis?

A

The pelvic diaphragm

30
Q

Which nerve network lies on the piriformis muscle of the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

The Sacral plexus (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4)

31
Q

What is the main nerve given off from the sacral plexus?

A

The Sciatic nerve

32
Q

What are the two main divisions of the Sciatic nerve?

A

1) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve = L4, L5, S1 and S2

2) Tibial nerve = L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3

33
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

A complex musculotendinous structure which gives an attachment of the perineal muscles. (Located immediately posterior to the urethral hiatus)

34
Q

What is the anococcygeal body?

A

A complex musculotendinous structure which gives an insertion point for the Levator ani muscles. (Immediately posterior to the rectal hiatus and attaches to the coccyx)

35
Q

What are the two major parts of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

1) Levator ani

2) Coccygeus muscle

36
Q

What are the three muscles of the Levator ani, where do they all insert?

A

From medial to lateral:

1) Puborectalis m.
2) Pubococcygeus m.
3) Iliococcygeus m.

Insert on the anococcygeal body

37
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

1) Support of the abdominopelic viscera (E.g. bladder, intestines, uterus etc)
2) Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressures (E.g. heavy lifting or coughing)
3) Urinary and faecal continence

38
Q

What is the innervation of the Levator ani muscles?

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

39
Q

What is the innervation of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Anterior rami of S4 and S5

40
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

Bladder prolapse into the vagina

41
Q

What is a rectocele?

A

Rectal prolapse into the vagina

42
Q

Injury to the pelvic floor in childbirth can lead to what?

A

1) Prolapse/herniation
2) Urinary stress incontinence
3) Rectal incontinence

43
Q

Why may an episiotomy minimise long-term damage in childbirth?

A

Helps to prevent uncontrolled tearing of the perineal muscles.

E.g. If the midline fibres of the puborectalis are torn rectal herniation will often occur. This can be stopped with an Episiotomy

44
Q

Is midline or mediolateral episiotomy preferred? Why?

A

Mediolateral are there is a decreased risk of deep perineal tears versus midline (7% versus 14.8%)

Year 3 Anatomy - Reproductive (2 decks)

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