Pelvic Anatomy and Ossification

Question 1

Proximal Femur
Ossification

Answer 1

*Shaft- 7th Week Intrauterine
*Femoral Head- 4-6 months
*Greater Trochanter- 2-4 years
*Lesser Trochanter- 13 years/puberty
*Fuses with shaft 16-18 years old

Question 2

Femoral
Attachment Sites

Answer 2

*Intracapsular
* Ligament of Head of Femur
(runs from fovea to acetabular
fossa)
*Extracapsular
* Iliofemoral Ligament- runs from
AIIS, bifurcates then attaches to
intertrochanteric line.
* Pubofemoral Ligament- superior
pubic rami  intertrochanteric
line.
* Ischiofemoral Ligament- body of
ischium  greater trochanter

Question 3

Hip Joint- Review

Answer 3

• Synovial membrane lines the fibrous
  capsule, which secretes synovial
  fluid and lubricates joint.
• Bursae preventing friction during
  movement.
• Fluid-filled bursa at the point of the greater
  trochanter
• Fluid-filled bursa between the iliopsoas
  muscle and the fibrous hip capsule (iliopsoas
  bursa- largest bursa in body).
• Acetabular Labrum deepens the
  ‘socket’, increasing surface of the
  joint.

Question 4

what are the functions of the Pelvis

Answer 4

Three functions:
* Transfer of weight from upper axial skeleton to lower appendicular system
* Attachment site for muscles and ligaments used in movement.
* Protects the abdominal and pelvic viscera.
*Split into greater (superior) and lesser (inferior) pelvis

Question 5

Pelvic Anatomy

Answer 5

*Three bones fused
* Ilium (8 weeks
intrauterine)
* Ischium (4 months)
* Pubis (4-5 months)
* (Gunn, 2017)
*Fuse at 7-9 years
*Acetabular fusion occurs
between 20-25 years

Question 6

Ilium

Answer 6

*Superior element of
the hip bone
*Expands to form the
‘wing’ or ‘ala’.
*Two surfaces:
* Internal (iliac fossa)-
origin of iliacus
muscle.
* External- attachment
for gluteal muscles

Question 7

Ilium

Answer 7

*Superior thickening
known as the iliac
crest.
*Extends from the
ASIS to the PSIS.
*Posterior indentation
for sciatic nerve.

Question 8

Pubis

Answer 8

*Most anterior section
of the hip bone
*Pubic body- Medial
section that
articulates with
opposite body at the
symphysis pubis.

Question 9

Pubis

Answer 9

*Superior Pubic Rami-
extends from body
to acetabulum
*Inferior Pubic Rami-
projects from body
to ischium

Question 10

Pubis

Answer 10

Superior and Inferior
Rami form part of
the Obturator
Foramen
*Obturator Foramen-
passage for nerves,
veins and arteries to
reach the lower limb.

Question 11

Ischium

Answer 11

*Posteroinferior aspect of
the hip bone.
*Also has superior and
inferior ‘rami’
*Inferior ischial ramus
interacts with inferior
pubic rami to enclose the
obturator foramen.

Question 12

Ischium

Answer 12

*Two key prominences
*Ischial Spine:
* Posteromedial projection that forms the greater sciatic foramen.
* Attachment point of sacrospinous ligament
*Ischial Tuberosity:
* Posteroinferior projection which is the attachment point of the sacrotuberous ligament

Question 13

Hip Secondary Ossification

Answer 13

• Iliac Crest- 12-14 years, fuses at 15-20 years
• AIIS- 10-13 years, fuses by 20 yrs
• Ischial Tuberosity- 13-16 years
• Symphysis Pubis- Epiphysis appear at approximately the stage of puberty and unite between 20 to 23 years of age.

Question 14

Male v Female Pelvis

Answer 14

male
- pelvis is smaller
- bones are heavier and thicker
- sacrum is narrow
- ischial spines closer
- sacrum is less angled
- inlet narrow/triangular
- pubic angle less than 45 degrees.

female
- pelvis is bigger
- bones are lighter and denser
- sacrum is wide
- ischial spines wider
- sacrum more curved
- inlet larger wider and shorter
- pubic angle greater than 45 degrees.