Pelicano Module 3 Respiratory Flashcards
Also considered a nose bleed.
epitaxis
What causes an epitaxis
Caused by congestion of nasal membranes leading to capillary rupture
Snorting cocaine can lead to
epitaxis
PT, PTT are examples of tests for
Nosebleeds for clotting abnormalities
epinephrine and ice can cause
vasoconstriction
When a resident has a nose bleed what are some things we can suggest
place pressure on nasal septum, tilt head FORWARD, apply ice, nasal packing with EPINEPHRINE, cautery (stop bleeding)
A deviated septum causes _____ and is a _____ disorder
Snoring
Upper Airway
Abnormal Tissue growths on the nasal tissue are called
Nasal Polyps
Allergies can lead to abnormal tissue growths called
Polyps
What can be performed to remove Polyps
Poleptomy
And repair of nose is called
Rhinoplasty
Upper way Obstruction can be caused by
Aspiration (vomit/secretions), the tongue, laryngeal spasm of foreign objects
How serious is an Upper Way Obstruction
IT IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY AND SHOULD BE TREATED ASAP
Partial Airway obstruction can lead to
gagging, choking, difficulty breathing, can cough and speak
What is a distinct difference of Partial Airway Obstruction vs. Total Obstruction
In Total Obstruction Respirations are more labored, patient will shows signs of Cyanosis AND WILL BE UNABLE TO SPEAK
What are some quick Upper Airway Obstruction Nursing Implications
Suction patient, Heimlich Maneuver, Throw his/herself over back of chair
After any laryngectomy patients are going to need ________ however total laryngectomy patient will ________
speech therapy
never speak on their own
Acute coryza can also be referred to as
The common cold
Acute pharyngitis can also be referred to as
sore throat
Acute laryngitis can also be referred to as
hoarse voice
Whats the best way to treat a hoarse voice
Rest voice
What is the best way to treat Sinusitis
drain sinus, steam therapy
Acute bronchitis, Legionnaires Disease, Anthrax, Tuberculosis, and Pneumonia are examples of
Lower Airway disorder
Deviated septum and Nasal Polyps are examples of
Upper Airway Disorder
Acute coryza, pharyngitis, laryngitis, Hoarse voice, Sinusitis, Tonsillitis are examples of
Acute Infectious Respiratory Diseases
Inflammation of the trachea, and bronchial tree causes congestion of mucous membranes. This disorder is called
Acute Bronchitis
With a resident with Acute Bronchitis how might their secretions be and what should be do to reverse it
There secretions will be thick and TENACIOUS
We should force fluids to thin secretions
An example of a bacterial pneumonia that left untreated can be deadly is
Legionnaires disease
This disease lives in H2O reservoirs. (Humidifiers, A.C.’s) It causes lung consolidation, Alveolar Necrosis
Legionnaires disease
Bacillus Anthracis is also considered as
Anthrax
Spread by direct contact with bacteria or its spores, non contagious by person to person contact (Comes from wild and domestic hoofed animals)
Anthrax
If anthrax is inhaled it causes a deadly _____
pneumonia
What is the difference between TB infection and TB disease
In an infection patient had TB antibodies no symptoms
In a disease patient has signs and symptoms
Night sweats, fever, Dry cough initially, then productive of purulent or blood-tinged sputum (Hemoptysis), Anorexia, Weight loss, Fatigue, Are common signs and symptoms of what
Tuberculosis
Mantoux test is also referred to as the ____ test
PPD test
PPD stands for
Purified Protein Derivative
Purified Protein is the antagonist of
Tuberculosis
What is the Quantiferon test
Blood test for TB, instead of 2 PPD shots
In a PPD test 10mm is _____ below 5mm is ______ and 5-10 requires a _____
positive, negative, interview
Pulmonary TB is the most _______ TB
severe
DOT program (Direct observational therapy is used to
Help compliance
What are some nursing implications or TB
Respiratory Isolation, Isolation Precautions, Avoid crowds, Negative air flow, Cover nose and mouth when sneezing
Anything deeper than bronchitis is considered
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles & alveoli is called
Pneumonia
Difference between infectious Pneumonia, and Non-infectious Pneumonia
Infectious is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa
Noninfectious is caused by aspiration, inhalation of toxic gases
Nursing implications for Pneumonia
Oxygen therapy, Chest PT, cough and deep breathe, antibiotics, antipyretics
When the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli become inflamed as a result of chronic irritation this is considered
COPD - Emphysema
In patients with COPD Emphysema the Lumen becomes ______ and air becomes ______ in alveoli during ______
Narrow
Trapped
Expiration
Patients with Emphysema Retain ___
CO2, as they have a hard time getting out of there lungs
Copious Sputum is another word for
Large amounts of sputum
Dyspnea on exertion, Copious Sputum, barrel chest, retractions, weight loss, cough, clubbed fingers are S&S of what
COPD - Emphysema
common treatments for Emphysema consist of
PURSED LIP BREATHING, Chest PT, Oxygen therapy.
In Hypercapnic residents and the alveoli gets
destroyed
When giving O2 therapy there should be no more than _ liters per minute
2
Nursing implications for Emphysema
Encourage Flu shot, elevate HOB, decrease patient anxiety
Chronic Bronchitis is considered everything from (Time)
3 months - 1 year
Productive cough, Dyspnea, Retractions, Cyanosis, RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE are S&S of what
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis destroys _____ and is _____ based
Cilia, Inflammation
Nursing implications of Chronic Bronchitis
Mucolytics, INCREASED CALORIE DIET, INCREASED PROTEIN
Inflammation means
More Mucous
Dyspnea, Wheezing, Tachypnea, Retractions, Nasal flaring, anxiety, diaphoresis, productive cough, thick mucous are S&S of
Asthma
Widespread narrowing of airways caused by inflammation and spasms are considered
Asthma
Most asthma Symptoms are triggered by an
Allergy
Muscle tightening in Asthma patients cause
Spasms
Nursing implications of Asthma
Prevent and Minimize symptoms, PEAK FLOW METER, Always have med available, METERED DOSE INHALER (MDI)
Peak flow meters should be used daily to
Monitor Airway Constriction
Permanent dilation of bronchi involving one or more lobes of lung is called
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis results from _____ pulmonary infections in _______
repeated
children
Bronchiectasis causes destruction of _______ & ________ components
Elastic and Muscular
Doctors perform Tracheotomy to
insert tube
Thoracotomy is opening into
thorax, chest
Atelectasis is
collapse of LUNG TISSUE (PARTIAL)
Pnuemothorax is
TOTAL collapse of LUNG TISSUE
Inflammation of Pleura is called
Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
Sharp inspiratory pain, dyspnea, cough, PLEURAL FRICTION RUB are S&S of
Pleurisy / Empyema
Another word for Pleurisy is
Empyema
When there is Pus there is an
infection
if plueral effusion is WET and the WET HAS PUSS its called
Empyema
Dyspnea, Respiratory distress, Air hunger, tachypnea, decreased breathe sounds, fever are S&S of
Pleural effusion
Nursing implications of Pleural Effusion
Thoracentisis, Chest tubes, deep breathing
Orthopthnic patients should be placed in _____ position
High fowlers
Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Wheezing, crackles, are S&S of
Pulmonary Edema
Nursing implications for Pulmonary Edema
Intubation, O2 therapy, Diuretics, Morphine, Vasodilators, Digoxin
Common S&S of a Pulmonary Embolism is
SOB, Angina
Frequent position changes can
help loosen secretions
Combination of symptoms resulting from direct or indirect injury to lung; complication that results from other disease processes are considered
ARDS (Adult respiratory distress syndrome)
Syndrome is not a disease it is a
group of symptoms
Dyspnea, Crackles, Wheezing, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Oliguria are S&S of
ARDS
Nursing implications of ARDS
Treat underlying cause, Digoxin, frequent position changes, ABGs
Sudden Repeating Coughing is also considered
Paroxysmal
Do not cup or clap to loosen secretions when patient has
Back injury or hemoptysis
When suctioning we might want to
Hyper-oxygenate
Stoma should be ____ and ____. As well as ____ in color
Clear and dry
Pink
Trachea should always be
Clear
Water line should not ______ or there might be a ______
bubble
leak
When should we measure Pleurovac
Beginning of every shift
Collection chamber should be
Larger draining from PT
Suctioning should
Bubble, always keep system lower when transporting
Hemoptysis means there is
blood in sputum, coughing up blood
Hoarseness of voice, Dysphagia are common S&S of
Laryngeal Cancer
Emphysema is directly linked to
cigarette smoke
Tubercle Basillus is also known as
Tuberculosis
This complication usually attacks the lungs but may affect other organs. It is caused by ACID-FAST BACTERIUM
Tuberculosis
This disease is acquired by inhaling a dried droplet of tubercle bacillus dropping into to the lung
Tuberculosis
Ethnic groups that have a high incidence of TB include people born in _____ countries
Asia, Africa, Latin American
Aspiration or over-sedation can cause
Pneumonia
A Nasal cannula provides a ___ concentration of oxygen
Low
A Oxygen Mask provides a ___ concentration of oxygen
high
Define Hypoxia
Part in the body is deprived of Oxygen
Define Hypercapnia
Increased CO2 levels
What is the purpose of ABG test
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery. This test is used to check how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
What is the purpose of Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)
This measures the pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood and how well oxygen is able to move from the airspace of the lungs into the blood.
What is the purpose of Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)
This measures the pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood and how well carbon dioxide is able to move out of the body.
Define postural drainage
Postural drainage is an important way to treat bronchiolitis (swelling and too much mucus in the airways of the lungs). When you do postural drainage, you get into a position that helps drain fluid out of your lungs.
What are the symptoms of tonsillitis
sore throat, fever, chills, anorexia, enlarged and tender LYMPH NODES
Post-op care for laryngectomy
Ensuring a stable airway with the tracheostomy is of primary importance. Administering oxygen and effective evacuation of mucous plugs are major concerns. Laryngectomy patients should not receive oxygen via a nasal cannula due to the surgical alteration in their respiratory anatomy. Normally, when air is inhaled through the nose, it is warmed and humidified prior to reaching the lungs. In these patients, this mechanism is no longer intact, since their upper and lower airways are no longer attached. Instead, humidified oxygen is administered via a tracheostomy collar. One or more drains may be present in the postoperative period.
