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Bio Plant Kingdom > Pelant Kindom > Flashcards

Pelant Kindom Flashcards

1
Q

Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy?

A

Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus introduced the binomial nomenclature system for naming organisms.

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2
Q

What classification system did Ernst Haeckel propose in 1894?

A

2 Kingdom Classification: Animalia and Plantae

Haeckel’s system simplified the classification of organisms into two main kingdoms.

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3
Q

What term did Ernst Haeckel coin in 1866?

A

‘Ecology’

Ecology refers to the study of interactions among organisms and their environment.

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4
Q

Who proposed the 3 domains classification in 1997?

A

Carl Woese

Woese’s classification includes Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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5
Q

Who is referred to as the Father of Indian ecology?

A

Ramdeo Mishra

Mishra contributed significantly to the study of ecology in India.

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6
Q

What classification system did Robert Whittaker introduce in 1969?

A

5 Kingdoms Classification

Whittaker’s classification includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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7
Q

What are the primary bases for classification in biology?

A
  • Modes of nutrition
  • Cell structure (prokaryotic vs eukaryotic)
  • Unicellular vs multicellular organization
  • Presence or absence of cell wall

These factors help in categorizing organisms based on their biological characteristics.

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8
Q

What type of organisms does the Kingdom Monera include?

A

Prokaryotic organisms

Monera includes bacteria which lack a defined nucleus.

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9
Q

What is the main characteristic of Kingdom Protista?

A

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms

Protista consists of organisms that have a defined nucleus and are mostly aquatic.

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10
Q

What are the modes of nutrition found in Kingdom Protista?

A
  • Autotrophic
  • Heterotrophic

Protista can obtain energy through photosynthesis or by consuming other organisms.

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11
Q

What is the classification hierarchy from Kingdom to Species?

A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum/Division
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

This hierarchical structure helps in organizing biological diversity.

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12
Q

What are the examples of organisms in Kingdom Monera?

A
  • Euglena
  • Amoeba
  • Paramecium
  • Plasmodium

These organisms showcase the diversity within the prokaryotic classification.

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13
Q

What are the two main types of bacteria classified under Kingdom Monera?

A
  • Archaebacteria
  • Eubacteria

These two groups represent the major divisions of bacteria based on genetic and biochemical differences.

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14
Q

True or False: All organisms in Kingdom Protista are multicellular.

A

False

Kingdom Protista primarily consists of unicellular organisms.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Taxonomy is the science of _______.

A

describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Taxonomy encompasses all forms of life, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

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16
Q

What type of structure does Euglena have for movement?

A

Tail-like structure

This structure assists in locomotion.

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17
Q

What are the false feet of certain protists called?

A

Pseudopod

Pseudopods help in movement and capturing food.

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18
Q

What is the characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi?

A

Multicellular except yeast

Fungi typically consist of multiple cells, with the exception of yeast.

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19
Q

What is the function of contractile vacuoles in cells?

A

Helps in cell movement

Contractile vacuoles regulate water balance and assist in movement.

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20
Q

What structure in Euglena helps to move food to its oral cavity?

A

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasmic streaming aids in transporting nutrients.

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21
Q

What is the main component of the cell wall in fungi?

A

Chitin

Chitin is a complex sugar that provides structural support.

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22
Q

What is the role of the photoreceptor in Euglena?

A

Paraflagellar body

This structure helps Euglena detect light for photosynthesis.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for locomotion in Paramecium.

A

Cilia

Cilia are tiny hair-like structures that aid in movement.

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24
Q

What type of vacuole is involved in the regulation of water in cells?

A

Contractile vacuole

These vacuoles expel excess water from the cell.

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25
Q

True or False: The Nucleus is present in all eukaryotic cells.

A

True

The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material.

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26
Q

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough and Smooth

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, while Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.

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27
Q

What is the primary function of food vacuoles?

A

Digest food

Food vacuoles store and digest nutrients within the cell.

28
Q

What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called?

A

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is the medium where cellular processes occur.

29
Q

What is the function of the pellicle in Euglena?

A

Provides structure and flexibility

The pellicle allows Euglena to maintain its shape while being flexible.

30
Q

List two examples of fungi.

A
  • Rhizopus (Bread mould)
  • Mushroom

These are common examples of fungi found in nature.

31
Q

What is an example of a symbiotic relationship?

A

Lichen - Blue green algae + fungi

Lichens are organisms that arise from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, where both organisms benefit from each other.

32
Q

What change occurs in lichen due to global warming?

A

Changes color

Global warming can affect the pigmentation of lichens, indicating environmental changes.

33
Q

What is Penicillin used for?

A

Medicine

Penicillin is an antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming, used to treat bacterial infections.

34
Q

What is yeast commonly used for in baking?

A

Fermentation

Yeast helps in the fermentation process that makes bread rise and gives it texture.

35
Q

What type of nutrition do fungi primarily exhibit?

A

Heterotrophic

Fungi obtain their food from organic substances, unlike autotrophic organisms that produce their own food.

36
Q

What are the two types of nutrition exhibited by fungi?

A

Saprophytic and Parasitic

Saprophytic fungi feed on decaying organic material, while parasitic fungi depend on a host organism for nutrients.

37
Q

What is the cellular composition of fungi?

A

Eukaryotes

Fungi are composed of eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus and organelles.

38
Q

What is a characteristic of the Kingdom Plantae?

A

Sedentary

Members of the Kingdom Plantae are typically non-motile and remain fixed in one place.

39
Q

What type of cell is Saccharomyces?

A

Yeast cell

Saccharomyces is a genus of fungi that includes yeast, commonly used in baking and brewing.

40
Q

What is the nature of Saccharomyces?

A

Autotrophic in nature

This statement is incorrect; Saccharomyces are actually heterotrophic as they require organic compounds for nutrition.

41
Q

What is a defining feature of the classification of Plantae?

A

Ability to produce flowers

The classification of Plantae often considers the presence of flowers as a key characteristic.

42
Q

What are the two classifications of Plantae based on vascular tissues?

A

With vascular tissues and Without vascular tissues

Vascular plants have specialized structures for transporting water and nutrients, unlike non-vascular plants.

43
Q

What is Thallophyta?

A

Made up of cellulose and do not have differentiated body parts

Thallophyta includes simple plants like algae and fungi that lack complex structures.

44
Q

What type of body parts do Bryophyta have?

A

Differentiated body parts

Bryophyta, such as mosses, are characterized by having specialized structures for different functions.

45
Q

What are two examples of fungi?

A

Penicillium (Mold) and Agaricus (Mushroom)

These are common examples of fungi, with Penicillium being important for antibiotic production and Agaricus being edible.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The first lichen park in India is located in _______.

A

Uttarakhand

This park is dedicated to the study and preservation of lichens.

47
Q

What are the characteristics of Thallophyta?

A

• Mostly aquatic
• Non-motile
• Autotrophic
• Eukaryotic organisms
• Plants are called algae

48
Q

What is the study of algae called?

A

Phycology

49
Q

Name the three types of algae classified under Thallophyta.

A

• Green algae: Chlorophyceae
• Red algae: Rhodophyceae
• Brown algae: Phaeophyceae

50
Q

Give an example of a green algae.

A

Chlorella

51
Q

What is mannitol and from which plant is it derived?

A

A sweet alcohol made from kelp

52
Q

What are the male and female reproductive parts of Bryophyta?

A

• Male part: Antheridium
• Female part: Archegonium

53
Q

Where are Bryophyta typically found?

A

In damp and moist areas

54
Q

How does reproduction occur in Bryophyta?

A

Through water

55
Q

What are root-like structures present in Bryophyta called?

A

Rhizoids

56
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of Bryophyta?

A

No specialized tissues for water and food conduction

57
Q

What is the difference between monocots and dicots in terms of cotyledons?

A

• Monocots: One cotyledon
• Dicots: Two cotyledons

58
Q

What type of root system do monocots typically have?

A

Fibrous roots

59
Q

What type of root system do dicots typically have?

A

Tap roots

60
Q

What is the defining feature of Angiosperms?

A

They produce flowers

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, fungi, and other non-flowering plants is called _______.

A

Antheridium

62
Q

What are the two types of vascular arrangements in plant roots?

A

• Scattered (monocots)
• Ringed (dicots)

63
Q

List examples of algae from the Rhodophyceae class.

A

• Porphyra
• Gelidium
• Polysiphonia
• Gracilaria

64
Q

What are the components of a frond in algae?

A

• Blade
• Gas bladder
• Stipe
• Holdfast

65
Q

What is the significance of Bryophyta in the plant kingdom?

A

They are known as the amphibians of the Plant Kingdom

Bio Plant Kingdom (1 decks)

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