Peds Test # 2 Ortho Flashcards
What are the 7 risk factors for a child to be born with Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH)?
1) Family history
2) 1st Pregnancy
3) Oligohydraminos
4) Breech presentation
5) Maternal hormones
6) Twins
7) Large size
What are the 3 different methods of diagnosing DDH? Which provides the best Dx?
1) Barlow & Ortalani’s
2) Ultrasound when 2 wks of age (best diagnosis)
3) x-rays after 4 months of age
What are the 5 SxS of DDH?
1) Asymetry of gluteal or thigh folds
2) One leg shorter (displaced leg is longer)
3) Hip abduction limitation (Barlow)
4) Positive Ortalani sign (click w/abduction)
5) Abnormal gait (older child)
6) Positive Tredenlenberg sign (normal pelvis will tilt downwards when standing only on affected leg).
Describe the treatment involved for DDH
1) 0-6 months - Palvik harness worn 24hr/day. Straps are adjusted with growth and skin must be checked frequently for irritation.
2) > 6 months - Closed or open reduction with hip spica cast (keeps legs abducted).
Why is it especially important to assess the respiratory system of a child with a spica cast?
Because of cast constriction
Explain the difference between the following 3 types of club foot:
1) Talipes
2) Equinus
3) Varus
1) Talipes - Feet are twisted out of shape or position
2) Equinus - Feet are bent downward
3) Varus - Feet are bent inward with angulation towards the midline.
What are the 5 risk factors for having a child with clubfoot?
1) Family Hx
2) Crowding in uterus
3) Maternal smoking during pregnancy
4) Amniocentesis
5) Male and Twins have ⬆ risk
What are the types of treatment available for a child with clubfoot?
1) Manipulation and serial casting
2) Corrective shoes/splints
3) Surgery
What are the 4 common causes of Scoliosis?
1) Neuromuscular disease
2) Trauma
3) Tumors
4) Vertebrae infections/disorders
What are the 4 different methods of diagnosing scoliosis?
1) Middle school screening
2) Radiograph to measure curve
3) MRI
4) CT
What are the 4 SxS of Scoliosis?
1) Hips/waist at an angle
2) Pants/Skirt length discrepancy uneven
3) Shoulder heights uneven
4) Respiratory dysfunction
What methods are used to treat scoliosis?
1) 25-35 Degrees - Milwaukee brace worn 23hrs/day. T-shirt worn under brace to ⬇ skin irritation.
2) > 40 Degrees - Spinal fusion
When do the symptoms for JRA & JIA appear and what are the peak ages?
1) Symptoms begin before 16 yrs and last more than 6 wks.
2) Peak ages - 2-5 yrs old and 9-12 yrs old
What are the SxS of JRA (Junior Rheumatoid Arthritis)?
1) Joint swelling, stiffness, redness and pain
2) Joints warm to the touch
3) Mobility limitations
4) Fever, rash & malaise
Name and describe the 3 types of Junior Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA).
1) Pauciarticular - 4 or fewer joints (⬆ risk for iris inflammation aka uveitis).
2) Polyarticular - 5 or more joints
3) Systemic - An number of joints involved with high fever, rash pericarditis, enlarged liver, and enlarged lymphs.
