Peds Test #1 - Key Terms

Question 1

Family unit with adoptive children who are chosen and taken into family by legal process and raised as the family’s own.

Answer 1

adoptive family

Question 2

Process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because of their adbanced age

Answer 2

ageism

Question 3

Family unit with unequal relationships; parents attempt to control with strict, rigid rules and expectations.

Answer 3

autocratic family pattern

Question 4

Family unit formed by parents who bring unrelated children from prior marriages into a new, joint living situation. Also known as a stepfamily.

Answer 4

blended (reconstituted) family

Question 5

Growth and developmet that proceeds from the head toward the feet. The infant’s head is large compared with the rest of the body.

Answer 5

cephalocaudal

Question 6

Threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that function in the transmission of genetic information.

Answer 6

chromosomes

Question 7

Phase of Piaget’s theory in which thoughts become increasingly logical and coherent so that the child is able to classify, sort, and organize facts while still being incapable of generalizing or dealing with abstractions; occurs between 7 to 10 years of age.

Answer 7

concrete operational phase

Question 8

Family style in which the adult members are considered equal and children are treated with respect and recognized as individuals.

Answer 8

democratic family pattern

Question 9

An emotional disorder brought on by an imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, which brings about exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy, emptiness, worthlessness, and frustration. Fatigue, inability to concentrate, short-term memory loss, and sleep pattern disturbance, as well as slowed body functions, can be seen with this disorder.

Answer 9

depression

Question 10

Gradual process or change and differentiation from a simple to a more advanced level of complexity.

Answer 10

development

Question 11

Period of family life when the grown children depart from the home. In some family units this stage is brief because the adult children return to live in the family home.

Answer 11

disengagement stage

Question 12

Period when the couple prepares for marriage and becomes free of parental domination

Answer 12

engagement or commitment stage

Question 13

Period in a couple’s life between their wedding and the birth of their first child.

Answer 13

establishment stage

Question 14

The period of family life that begins when conception occurs and continues through the pregnancy

Answer 14

expectant stage

Question 15

A family group consisting of the biologic parents, their children, the grandparents, and other family members.

Answer 15

extended family

Question 16

Piaget’s phase that begins during adolescence, permitting abstract reasoning and systematic scientific problem solving.

Answer 16

formal operational thought stage

Question 17

Family unit that cares for, supervises, and nurtures children whose parents are unable to care for them.

Answer 17

foster family

Question 18

Increase in the size of an organism or any of its parts.

Answer 18

growth

Question 19

Family group made up of same-sex adults who share bonds of emotional commitment and roles of childrearing.

Answer 19

homosexual family

Question 20

Average number of years an individual will probably live.

Answer 20

life expectancy

Question 21

A style in which the female assumes primary dominance in areas of child care and home making; also known as matrilocal.

Answer 21

matriarchal family pattern

Question 22

A family unit consisting of the biological parents and their offspring.

Answer 22

nuclear family

Question 23

Begins at the birth or adoption of the first child.

Answer 23

parenthood stage

Question 24

A family style in which the male assumes the dominant role.

Answer 24

patriarchal family pattern

Question 25

Piaget’s phase of child development during the period of 2 to 7 years of age, when the child focuses on the use of language as a tool. The child has the emerging ability to reason.

Answer 25

preoperational thought stage

Question 26

Innate knowledge structure that allows a child to organize his or her mind

Answer 26

schema

Question 27

Anything that physically or psychologically injures school children or damages school property.

Answer 27

school violence

Question 28

The last stage of the life cycle that requries the older adult to cope with a long range of changes.

Answer 28

senescence stage

Question 29

The developmental stage of childhood encompassing the period from birth to 2 years of age, according to Piaget’s psychology. In this stage, an infant’s knowledge of the work comes about primarily through sensory impressions and motor activities.

Answer 29

sensorimotor stage

Question 30

Family group that occurs when one parent leaves the nuclear family because of divorce, separation, desertion, or death. May also be the result of unwed parents living alone or the decision of a single person to adopt a child.

Answer 30

single-parent family

Question 31

Any substance, agent, or process that interferes with normal prenatal development, causing the formation of one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus.

Answer 31

teratogen

Question 32

Cell formed by the union of 2 reproductive cells.

Answer 32

zygote

Question 33

Psychological preparation, based on developmental stage, of a person for an event expected to be stressful, as in preparing a child for surgery by explaining what will happen and what it will feel like; also used to prepare parents for normal growth and development of their children.

Answer 33

anticipatory guidance

Question 34

An often fatal form of food poisoning caused by an endotoxin produced by the baciullus clostridium botulinum.

Answer 34

botulism

Question 35

Tooth decay that is the result of prolonged nursing after the infant has been put to bed, when the milk, juice, or other fluid is allowed to bathe the teeth, thus providing sugar to oral bacteria for growth.

Answer 35

nursing bottle caries

Question 36

A space, roughly diamond shaped, covered by tough membranes between the bones of an infant’s cranium; the posterior fontanelle is triangular.

Answer 36

anterior fontanelle

Question 37

An abnormality present at birth, particularly a structural one, that is possible to inherit genetically, acquire during gestation, or acquire during the parturition (process of giving birth).

Answer 37

birth defects / congenital anomalies

Question 38

Total area exposed to the outside environment.

Answer 38

Body Surface Area (BSA)

Question 39

Infants and children with congenital abnormalities, malignancies, GI diseases, and CNS anomalies.

Answer 39

children with special needs

Question 40

The preferred term for mental retardation

Answer 40

cognitive impairment

Question 41

The position in which the adult’s face and the infant’s face are approximately 8 inches apart and on the same plane, as when the mother holds the infant up in front of her face or when she nurses the infant.

Answer 41

en face position

Question 42

It is a philosophy of care that recognizes the family as the constant in the child’s life and holds that systems and personnel are called on to support, respect, encourage, and enhance the strengths and competence of the family.

Answer 42

family-centered care

Question 43

An illness or an abnormal condition or quality

Answer 43

morbidity

Question 44

The condition of being subject to death

Answer 44

mortality

Question 45

Baby teeth; the set of 20 teeth that normally appear during infancy. They begin to descend between the 6th and 9th months of life.

Answer 45

primary (deciduous) teeth

Question 46

The largest of the 4 muscles of the quadriceps femurs, situated on the lateral side of the thigh. This is the preferred site for infant IM injections.

Answer 46

vastus lateralis muscle

Question 47

Gradually eliminating breastfeeding or bottle feeding and instituting cup and table feedings

Answer 47

weaning