Peds/OB Class 1 Flashcards
What respiratory structures are larger in infants?
Tongue and epiglottis
What age are the other structures narrower/shorter until?
8 years old
How does the chest wall differ in an infant?
It’s compliant (sucks inward), which decreases the amount of air it can take in
Infant respiratory rate
30-53
Toddler respiratory rate
22-37
Preschooler respiratory rate
20-28
School-age respiratory rate
18-25
Adolescent respiratory rate
12-20
When do accessory muscles develop
6 years old
What is the major muscle for breathing before accessory muscles develop?
The diaphragm
How does the mucosa differ in infants and young children?
It’s more vascular, more sensitive, and more affected by foreign particles (air quality, smoking)
How does the eustachian tube differ in infants and young children?
It’s shorter and more horizontal
What are the signs of initial compensation for respiratory failure in kids?
Restlessness
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Diaphoresis
What are the signs of early decompensation for respiratory failure in kids?
Nasal flaring Retractions Grunting Anxiety/Irritability Accessory muscle use if 6y+
What are the signs of imminent respiratory arrest in children?
Dyspnea (bradypnea or apnea) Bradycardia Cyanosis (note: late sign!) Confusion Stupor Coma
How old do you need to be for peak expiratory flow measuring to be successful?
At least 4-6y old.
At what RR does a child need to be NPO?
anything greater than 60
When do you NOT want to give Ibuprofen to a child?
If they have asthma
If they’re not well hydrated
If they have stomach upset
Put these in order from bad to worst:
Substernal retractions
Supraclavicular retractions
Intercostal retractions
Intercostal
Substernal
Supraclavicular
(middle -> down -> up)
Where will you commonly hear breath sounds in kids?
At the base of the throat
At what age does Asthma usually show up?
Age 4-5
What are the three main physiological responses to immune activation in asthma?
- Thickening/constricting of smooth muscle layer in lungs
- swelling of the mucosal layer in lungs
- hypersecretion of mucus in lungs
Classic signs/symptoms of asthma
Dyspnea, wheezing, cough, chest tightness
prolonged expiratory phase
What should parents know about the peak expiratory flow meter settings as the child ages?
It needs to be adjusted based on the height of the child (regularly!)