Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds > Peds Lectures > Flashcards

Peds Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

What is critical in establishing a primary attachment relationship with a caregiver and fostering feelings of security in the infant?

A

TACTILE sensations are critical in establishing a primary attachment relationship with a caregiver and fostering feelings of security in the infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What systems/inputs set the stage for the eventual development of body schema?

A

Tactile and proprioceptive inputs set the stage for the eventual development of body schema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: The vestibular system is fully functional at birth.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: At the end of the second year, beginning independence in self-feeding.

A

False. At the end of the FIRST year, beginning independence in self-feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does Praxis and Ideation (ability to conceptualize what to do in a given situation) begin to develop?

A

Second year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Child can connect several pretend actions in a play sequence; can also demonstrate they have a plan by the end of the third year.

A

False. Child can connect several pretend actions in a play sequence; can also demonstrate they have a plan by end of SECOND year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is it a sensory registration or modulation problem that interferes with child’s ability to attach meaning to an activity or situation because critical info is not being noticed?

A

Sensory REGISTRATION problem interferes with child’s ability to attach meaning to an activity or situation because critical info is not being noticed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sensory registration: refers to difficulties of a person who frequently does not notice or “register” relevant environmental stimuli.
Considered to be a problem of under-responsiveness or over responsiveness?

A

It is under-responsiveness or hypo-responsiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Another name for hyper-responsiveness is…

A

Sensory defensiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is one of most common observed sensory modulation problems? Hint: Involves tendency to over-react to ordinary touch sensations.

A

Tactile Defensiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is haptic perception and when does it emerge?

A

Child’s interpretation of somatosensory info through active touch to understand object properties and characteristics (stereognosis?) Emerges at 6 months, matures at 5 or 6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does this child have?

Form of over-responsiveness to vestibular sensations involving linear movement, overwhelmed by changes in head position and movement, especially when moving backward or upward through space, move slowly and carefully, may refuse to engage in gross motor activities, resist lifting feet off ground

A

Gravitational Insecurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain’s process of giving meaning to sensory info such as facial expression is known as…

A

Sensory perception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This refers to brain’s ability to distinguish between different sensory stimuli such as 2 points touched on skin simultaneously

A

Sensory discrimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F scores within one standard deviation from the mean are NOT significantly from average. There is no need for OT intervention

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who funds OT services ?

A

Regional centers, school districts, California children services (CCS), health insurance, dept of mental health, private pay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: Discrimination or perception problems can occur in any sensory system-best detected by standardized tests

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medical necessity required for which funding sources?

A

Insurance, CCS, MediCal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Support access to related to educational curriculum environment required for which funding source?

A

School district

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Supporting development and participation in natural environments for which funding source?

A

Regional center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PEO stands for

A

Person- environment- occupation (model of practice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mode of practice focuses on musculoskeletal system- strengthening, alignment/posture, positioning

A

Biomechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mode of practice- goal directed movements, movement patterns+ environmental conditions+ goal; practice! Feedback!

A

Motor learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Modes of practice- normalizing movement patterns, focus on postural control and motor coordination deficits, based on motor learning and dynamic systems theories

A

NDT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Made of practice- scaffolding, just right challenge, Vygotsky, Piaget, Gibson

A

Developmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The muscles and joints inform the brain about the position of body parts is what system/input?

A

Proprioceptive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Disorder- social and communication deficits, repetitive and restrictive behaviors; deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication behaviors, insistence on sameness; symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning

A

Autism spectrum disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the types of progression relating to the sequencing of grasp patterns?

A
  1. Ulnar fingers show activation before radial fingers and thumb
  2. Palmar grasp (proximal) patterns precede finger grasp (distal) patterns
  3. Extrinsic muscle activation dominates before intrinsic muscle activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

These are the types of vestibular-bilateral problems…

A
  • Inefficient balance and equilibrium reactions, as well as poor bilateral coordination are likely to affect competence in performing activities such as bicycle riding, roller-skating, skiing, etc.
  • Difficulty with bilateral coordination - cutting w/ scissors, buttoning a shirt, jumping jacks, etc
  • Bilateral motor difficulties sometimes associated with delays in body midline skill development - hand preference, spontaneous crossing of midline, and R/L discrimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

By what age does the voluntary palmar grasp emerge?

A

Within the first 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

By what age is a child able to use the thumb and finger pad control for tiny and small objects?

A

Between 9-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mode of practice- Structure, reinforcement, learning, shaping, positive behavioral support

A

Behavioral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Mode of practice- top down approaches: increase child’s number of cognitive strategies, selection of strategies, use of strategies, evaluating effectiveness

A

Cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Mode of practice - organizing sensory information for use

A

Sensory integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Mode of practice- addressing skills impacting access and participation of social play, use of peer models, social skills training

A

Social participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Mode of practice- environmental assessment and task demands, changes environment to better match child ability, often used in conjunction with remediation focused intervention

A

Adaptation/ compensatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Mode of practice- cognitive-behavioral strategies, improve child’s ability to manage stress, typically used with children with social emotional difficulties

A

Coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Mode of practice- reciprocal relationship between learner and coach, used in early childhood settings, often used with direct intervention

A

Coaching / consultation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

T/F: Dyspraxia is the ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute a nonhabitual motor act is

A

False. This is praxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Condition characterized by difficulty with motor planning that emerges in early childhood and cannot be explained by medical diagnosis, developmental disability, or environmental constraint

A

Dyspraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What grasp is used to control tools or other objects?

A

Power grasp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What grasp is used to carry objects such as a purse or briefcase?

A

Hook grasp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What grasp is used to hold a small ball?

A

Spherical grasp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Poor tactile perception in conjunction with signs of poor motor planning (difficulty relating bodies to physical objects in space, difficulty imitating actions of others, precision of movement poor, difficulties with oral praxis, affecting eating skills or speech articulation)

A

Somatodyspraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What grasp is used to hold a glass, cup, or can with a hand around the object?

A

Cylindrical grasp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What grasp is used to hold a disk such as a jar lid?

A

Disk grasp

47
Q

What grasp is used to exert power on or with a small object?

A

Lateral Pinch/key grasp

48
Q

What grasp is used to hold and handle small objects and precision tools such as a pencil?

A

Pincer grasp

49
Q

What grasp is used to hold and manipulate a writing utensil or eating utensil?

A

Three-jaw chuck or tripod grasp

50
Q

What grasp is used to prehend and hold tiny objects?

A

Tip pinch

51
Q

Autism considerations

A

Visual learning/processing strength can use to compensate
Safety, awareness, elopement, self-injurious behaviors
Perseverations
Special diets
GI problems, picky eater
Sleep problems

52
Q

Children with dyspraxia have problems with ideation. What is ideation?

A

Difficulty generating ideas of what to do in a novel situation

53
Q

generating additional sensory input to compensate for weak processing in a particular sensory system

A

Adaptive Function.

54
Q

Examples of seeking Proprioceptive input…

A

stomping, jumping, bumping - OT hypothesis: child is not aware of positions of body parts without intense proprioceptive stimulation - input provides enhanced feedback about dynamic changes in body position during action

55
Q

Examples of Tactile seeking behavior…

A

touching things excessively - compensate for inadequate tactile info by increasing flow of tactile sensations into CNS

56
Q

Examples of Vestibular seeking behavior…

A

intense swinging or spinning, and do not easily become dizzy

57
Q

What are the five basic types of in hand manipulation skills?

A
  1. Finger-to-palm translation
  2. Palm-to-finger translation
  3. Shift
  4. Simple rotation
  5. Complex rotation
58
Q

These are the 4 main categories for child with autism:

A
  1. Hypo-responsiveness
  2. Hyper-responsiveness
  3. Sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking
  4. Enhanced perception
59
Q

Examples of sensory problems/solutions for kids with autism:

A

Proprioception seeking very common, Sensory-seeking serve arousal modulation functions . Difficulty with praxis cause repetitive behaviors because these are the only movement strategies available to child. OT needs to identify strategies in which they can receive high levels of stimulation without being socially disruptive

60
Q

Therapeutic intervention - breaking down target skill into small tasks, providing rewards to reinforce desired behaviors, closely monitor through regular data collection

A

Applied behavioral analysis

61
Q

Therapeutic intervention- addresses self-regulation, attention, communication, expression of feelings, and ideas ; context in play and intrinsic motivation; early intervention and intense intervention

A

Developmental, individual difference, relationship based. (DIR) floor time

62
Q

3 types of Assessment of SI Functions:

A
  1. Interviews and Questionnaires
  2. Direct Observation
  3. Structured Clinical Observation
63
Q

If a kid can’t hold the airplane position (everything extended, legs off floor) for more than 30 seconds, they have…

A

inefficient vestibular processing

64
Q

Possible standardized tests for assessing SI problems are…

A
  • Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) gold standard for comprehensive, in depth evaluation of SI
  • Miller Function and Participation Scales - include test that challenge praxis, visual motor integration, figure ground perception, some vestibular functions
  • BOT-2 measures fine and gross motor skills (like bilateral coordination)
65
Q

What is the intention of SI?

A

Improve the efficiency with which the nervous system interprets and uses sensory information for functional use

66
Q

Disorder- non -progressive abnormalities in the brain; has influence on other body functions, varies on location and degree if insult- occurs before, during, or after birth

A

Cerebral palsy

67
Q

Types of cerebral palsy :

  1. Constant increased muscle tone,
  2. Writhing involuntary movements
  3. Lack stability and co -contraction
  4. Low tone, usually only seen in toddlers-/infants
A
  1. Spasticity
  2. Athetosis
  3. Ataxia
  4. Flaccidity
68
Q

CP considerations

A

Cognitive functioning, spasticity, safety& postural support, maintain ROM

69
Q

Disorder - specific mental and physical problems, low tone, hypermobile joints, oral motor problems, delays in all areas of function, mild - moderately low intellectual ability ranges

A

Down syndrome

70
Q

What are the basic assumptions underlying SI intervention?

A
  1. SI can be used systematically to elicit an AR (adapted response)
  2. Registration of meaningful SI is necessary before an AR can be made
  3. An AR contributes to the development of SI
  4. Better organization of ARs enhances the child’s general behavioral organization
  5. More mature and complex patterns of behavior emerge from consolidation of simpler behaviors
  6. The more inner-directed a child’s activities are, the greater the potential for the activities to improve neural organization
71
Q

Important things to know about application of SI Intervention:

A

SI is applied on an individual basis. Must foster the inner drive of the child. OT must create environments that continually evokes increasingly complex ARs from the child. Respect child’s needs while helping them successfully meet a challenge

72
Q

Expected Outcomes of OT using SI Intervention:

A
  1. Increase frequency of adaptive responses
  2. Development of increasingly more complex adaptive responses
  3. Improvement in fine and gross motor skills
  4. Improvement in cognitive, language, and academic performance
  5. Increase in self-confidence and self esteem
  6. Enhanced occupational engagement and social participation
  7. Enhanced family life
73
Q

Down syndrome considerations

A

At risk for dislocations, low frustration tolerance, be aware of health problems

74
Q

Disorder - balance control issues, vision and perception, difficulty integrating proprioceptive or vestibular inputs, difficulty with intersensory organization

A

Developmental coordination disorder DCD

75
Q

3 stages of development of motor control

A
  1. Cognitive stage - skill acquisition
  2. Associative stage- skill refinement
  3. Autonomous stage - performs functional movement
76
Q

Body schema

A

Neural substrate of Body awareness, develop through sensory motor interaction, related to motor planning

77
Q

Body awareness

A

Conscious awareness of location, position, and movement of body and external environment; visually discriminate and label body’s physical and motor dimensions

78
Q

Body image

A

image of self as physical entity

79
Q

Assessment of gross motor skills

A

BOT (4 1/2-14 1/2)
Peabody
Gross motor function measure (children with CP)
Alberta infant motor skills (birth to independent walking )
Test of infant motor performance (infant <4mo )

80
Q

Bayley III scales of infant and toddler development: age range? Domains?

A

Age range: 1-42mo

Domains: cognitive, language. (Receptive, expressive), motor (fine, gross), social emotional/adaptive subtests

81
Q

DayC-2
Age range?
Domains?

A

Developmental assessment of young children
Age range: birth-5:11
Domains : cognitive, communication, physical development, social- emotional development, adaptive behavior
Observation/caregiver interview

82
Q

HELP
Age range?
Domains?

A

Hawaii early learning profile
Age range: 0-3yo HELP strands
3-6yo HELP for preschoolers
Domains: cognitive, language, gross motor, fine motor, social emotional, self-help

83
Q

Intervention: constrain unaffected upper extremity which requires use of affected. UE
Used with massed practice. (4-6 hrs a day ) common use for children diagnosed with CP, TBI, CVA

A

Constraint induced movement therapy

84
Q

Therapy - engages both limbs simultaneously to encourage limb coordination and movement

A

Bimanual training

85
Q

Intervention- cognitive approach, client centered, primary purpose is skill acquisition, embedded in the context of activites, tasks, occupations in which the child is motivated to participate. Goal Plan. Do Check

A

Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance. (CO -OP)

86
Q

Progression of grasp development

A

Ulnar=> palmar=> radial

Palmar=> finger surface. => finger pad

87
Q

Visual receptive functions

A

Visual fixation, visual pursuit, saccadic eye movements (scanning), acuity, Accomodation (focusing near/far), binocular fusion, stereopsis (perception of depth)

88
Q

Visual cognitive functions

A

Visual attention- alertness, selective attention, visual vigilance, shared attention
Visual memory. - long and short tremor memory
Visual imagery- picture things in your minds eye

89
Q

Type of visual discrimination - recognition of forms and objects as the same in various environments, positions and sizes

A

Form constancy

90
Q

Type of visual discrimination- identification of forms or objects from incomplete presentations

A

Visual closure

91
Q

Type of visual discrimination- differentiation between background and objects

A

Figure ground

92
Q

Type of visual discrimination- spatial relationship of figures or objects to oneself or other forms or objects

A

Position in space

93
Q

Type of visual discrimination- relative distance between objects, figures, or landmarks and oneself

A

Depth perception

94
Q

Type of visual discrimination- determination of location of objects and settings and the route to the location

A

Topographic orientation

95
Q

Visual perceptual assessments

A

Test of visual perceptual skills, sensory integration and praxis test, developmental test of visual perception, beery-Buktenica test of visual motor integration- subtest visual perception

96
Q

Visual motor assessments

A

Sensory integration and praxis test, miller function and participation scales, beery

97
Q

Six prerequisite skills to handwriting

A

Small muscle skill, eye-hand coordination, ability to hold tools,capacity to form basic strokes smoothly, letter perception, orientation to printed language

98
Q

Pencil grasp progression

A

Cylindrical grasp=> digital grasp=> modified tripod grasp => tripod grasp

99
Q

M-FUN
Age range?
Domains?

A

Miller function & participation scales
Age range: 2.6yrs-7.11yrs
Domains: visual motor, fine motor, gross motor

100
Q

Act - provides rights to individuals with developmental disabilities and their families to services and supports they need to live like persons without disabilities

A

Lanterman Act

101
Q

early intervention program in California

A

Early Start

102
Q

Two administrative partners under early start

A

Department of Developmental Services (DDS)

California Department of Education (CDE)

103
Q

Department of Developmental Services (DDS)

A

responsible for overall administration and supervision of all early intervention services under Part C
Contracts with Regional Centers to serve all children except those with solely low incidence disabilities

104
Q

What is the “golden rule” for billing?

A

Bill for what you do and document what you do accurately

105
Q

What is the Lanterman act?

A

With CA state budget changes, new laws affect regional centers ability to fund insurance co-payments when families use private health insurance. To receive reimbursement for co-payments from the regional center, the provider must become a vendor for -coy payments.

106
Q

Purpose of documentation

A
  1. Communicate info about client from OT perspective
  2. Articulate rationale for OT services and how they relate to client outcomes (reflects OT’s clinical reasoning and professional judgment)
  3. Create chronological record of client status, OT services provided, client response to intervention, and client outcomes
107
Q

T/F: Progress reports are referral sources and data gathered through evaluation/screening process in accordance with payer, facility, state, and/or federal guidelines.

A

FALSE. ASSESSMENTS are referral sources and data gathered through evaluation/screening process in accordance with payer, facility, state, and/or federal guidelines.

108
Q

The main points to include in documenting progress reports

A
  1. Summary of services provided
  2. Summary of progress related to occupational performance and towards goals
  3. may/may not include new areas of concern
  4. may/may not include re-assessment data
  5. Goal achievement
  6. Recommendations
  7. New goals, new treatment plan
109
Q

Core elements of a treatment Goal

A
  1. Functional
  2. Measurable outcome
  3. measurable time length for achievement
  4. assistance level
  5. related to funding source rational for services
110
Q

ABCDE Goals

A 
Actor: Who
Behavior: will do what
Condition: under what conditions
Degree: how many times, frequency, assistance level
Expected time: how long to reach goal
111
Q

SOAP notes

A

S: Subjective comments by client/caregiver
O: Objective observations, data, facts. Just what you saw including assistance level needed
A: Assessment/Interpretations. Apply clinical reasoning; justify need for OT, goal progress, new goals
P: relate a Plan for goal achievements. Can make suggestions for tx

112
Q

SMART?

A

S – SPECIFIC: what, why and how are you going to do it
M – MEASURABLE: evidence that the goal will be achieved ie data collection
A – ATTAINABLE: goal needs to be challenging but reachable
R – RELEVANT: goal should measure outcomes not activities
T – TIME BOUND: deadline that the goal needs to be achieved by

113
Q

Format of goal writing…

A

By DATE, CHILD will demonstrate improved SKILL by being able to TASK with % Accuracy with WHAT ASSISTANCE as needed by measured by OT.

By December 2015, Phoebe will demonstrate improvement with bilateral coordination for reintegration into the classroom by being able to button four 1 inch buttons with 3 verbal and visual cues per button in 4 out of 5 times as measured by observation and charting/OT.

Peds (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions