Peds- Intro to Pedis Nursing, Pain, & Maltreatment Flashcards
What is the developmental age period for infants?
Birth to 12 months
What is the developmental age period for toddlers?
12-36 months
What is the developmental age period for preschool?
3-6 years
What is the developmental age period for school aged children?
6-12 years
What is the developmental age period for adolescents?
13-18 years old
List 3 main aspects of atraumatic care
Minimize separation
Minimize or prevent pain
Promote a sense of control
Which HCP helps children and their families deal with the stress of hospitalization, illness, and disability, and helps children understand/ prepare for procedures?
Child life specialist
When should toddlers be prepared for procedures?
Right before they are carried out
When should toddlers be prepared for procedures?
Right before they are carried out
When should preschoolers be prepared for procedures?
An hour or less before they occur
When should school aged kids be prepared for procedures?
Several days in advance
When should adolescents be prepared for procedures?
Up to one week before the procedure
What are the stressors and manifestations of stress in infants?
Fear of loud noise
Fear of separation
Crying and screaming
Clinging to parent
Avoiding/ rejecting contact with strangers
What are the stressors and manifestations of stress in toddlers?
Crying and screaming
Attacking strangers
Attempting to escape to find parent
Attempting to force parent to stay
What are the stressors and manifestations of stress in preschoolers?
Refusing to eat or cooperate
Crying quietly
Trouble sleeping
Asking for parents
Withdrawing from parents
Breaking toys
Hitting other children
What are the stressors and manifestations of stress in school aged kids?
Fear of mutilation or bodily harm
Fear loss of status with peers
Fear of death
Guilty feelings
What are the stressors and manifestations of stress in adolescents?
Fear loss of control, death, bodily change
Concern about social isolation
What are the 4 R’s of stress reduction?
Recreation, Rest, Relationships, Routines
Why should procedures not be done in the child’s crib/bed/room?
So that they do not associate their space as painful or traumatic. Procedures should be done only in the procedure room.
What is onlooker play? What age group typically engages in this?
Quietly watching while others play
Toddler
What is solitary play? Which age group usually engages in this type of play?
Child plays alone
Infant
What is parallel play? Which age group usually engages in this type of play?
Playing separately, side-by-side
Toddlers
What is associative play? Which age group usually engages in this type of play?
Group play that is together, but does not have an objective or organization
Preschool
What is cooperative play? Which age group typically engages in this type of play?
Group play that is organized with rules and a goal
School Age
Define ‘nuclear family’
2 parents + their children
Define ‘extended family’
A household that includes at least one parent, 1 or more kids, and one or more members other than a parent or sibling
Define ‘blended family’
AKA reconstituted family
Household includes at least one stepparent, step sibling, or half sibling
Define ‘binuclear family’
Where parents continue their parenting role while terminating the spousal unit (ex: joint custody)
This parenting style controls the child’s behavior and attitudes through unquestioned mandates
Authoritarian
This parenting style emphasizes the reasons for roles, allows the child to give their opinions, and provides firm but fair consistent parenting
Authoritative
Which parenting style essentially allows the child to do whatever they want?
Permissive
Name the age range of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage
Birth - 2 years old
Name the age range for Piaget’s preoperational stage
2-7 years old
What is the age range for Piaget’s concrete operational stage?
7-11 years old
What is the age range for Piaget’s formal operational stage?
11 years old - adulthood
Which Erikson stage occurs from birth to 1 year? Explain this stage
Trust vs. mistrust
The patient develops trust/mistrust as their needs are met/ neglected
Which Erikson stage occurs during 1-3 years old? Explain the stage
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
The child wants to begin doing things without help. When it doesn’t go well they may begin to feel self conscious
Which Erikson stage occurs during 3-6 years old? Explain the stage
Initiative vs. Guilt
Children begin to develop their conscience and inner voice
Which Erikson stage occurs during 6-12 years old? Explain the stage
Industry vs. Inferiority
Children want to achieve and want more responsibilities
Which Erikson stage occurs during age 12-18?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescents are preoccupied with who they are and how they are perceived/fit in
What is the leading cause of death for children less than 19 years old?
Unintentional injuries
Example: Falls, car accidents
What is the leading cause of injury death for infants?
Mechanical suffocation
What does FLACC stand for?
Face
Legs
Activity
Cry
Consolability
Explain the 2 step approach to pain management that the WHO recommenda
For children 3 months and older, administer NSAIDS first for mild to moderate pain, then a strong opioid (morphine usually) for moderate to severe pain
Name the 3 preferred routes for pain medication administration in children
Oral
IV
Topical
What are examples of nonpharmacological pain management techniques?
Guided imagery, distraction, kangaroo care, sucrose drops, acupuncture, breathing techniques
Who is usually the abuser in cases of Munchausen syndrome by proxy?
The mother
Hint: Gypsy Rose’s case
Explain Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage
From birth to 2 years, the child begins to interact with their environment
Explain Piaget’s Preoperational stage
From ages 2-7 the child begins to represent the world symbolically and displays egocentrism
Explain Piaget’s Concrete Operational stage
From ages 7-11 the child learns rules, such as conservation
Explain Piaget’s Formal Operational stage
From ages 11 to adulthood the adolescent can transcend the situation and think about the future
