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Pediatrics > Peds ID > Flashcards

Peds ID Flashcards

1
Q

pt presents w/ sore throat, fever, difficulty breathing, wheezing during inspiration, pseudomembrane covering, swollen lymph nodes and dysphagia. what do you suspect?

A

diphtheria

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2
Q

how should you treat if you suspect diphtheria?

A

start penicillin

DTaP/Tdap vaccine

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3
Q

pt presents w/ persistent dry cough, rales on auscultation, and severe fatigue. on chest X-ray, you find bronchial wall thickening and patchy lung opacities. what do you suspect?

A

Atypical pneumonia

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4
Q

how should you treat atypical pneumonia?

A

azithromycin

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5
Q

what labs should be ordered if you suspect atypical pneumonia?

A

PCR testing of throat swab
serology
(culture and gram stain are INEFFECTIVE)

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6
Q

pt presents with maculopapular blanching rash that began in the face and has spread to trunk/extremities. what do you suspect?

A

rubella

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7
Q

what labs should be ordered if you suspect rubella?

A

PCR testing

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8
Q

what is the treatment for rubella?

A

supportive care

MMR vaccine

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9
Q

pt presents w/ watery diarrhea, N/V, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, malaise, and low grade fever. oocytes are found on acid fast stain. what do you suspect?

A

cryptosporidiosis

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10
Q

what is the tx for cryptosporidiosis?

A

supportive care

rehydration

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11
Q

pt presents w/ cough, difficulty breathing. it is winter. these symptoms were precluded w/ pharyngitis, rhinorrhea and fever. what do you suspect?

A

bronchiolitis (RSV)

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12
Q

what is the tx for bronchiolitis?

A

supportive care (nose suction to clear secretions, increase fluid intake)

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13
Q

child presents w/ profuse, watery diarrhea and stooled while in clinic. she goes to daycare. what do you suspect?

A

rotavirus

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14
Q

what is the tx for rotavirus?

A

Supportive care, hydration
Vaccination (recommended, but not required)
Antidiarrheal meds NOT recommended b/c they delay clearing of virus
Milk can aggravate

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15
Q

1 yr old presents w/ full body maculopapular rash preceded by a high fever that abruptly resolved when the rash developed. child has had MMR vaccination. what do you suspect?

A

Roseola infantum (pseudo rubella or “sixth” disease)

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16
Q

what is the tx for Roseola infantum (pseudo rubella or “sixth” disease)?

A

Supportive care (rest, fluids, warm baths, tylenol)

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17
Q

child presents w/ rash starting at head and progressing down trunk and limbs, coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, cough, Koplik spots (central paleness), and white spots in buccal area/soft palate. what do you suspect?

A

measles

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18
Q

what is tx for measles?

A 
MMR vaccine (2 doses)
Supportive care (vitamin A, tylenol, fluids)
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19
Q

what is tx for Pediculosis capitis ?

A

permethrin/elimite or other topical pediculicides

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20
Q

adolescent presents w/ persistent, severe fatigue, persistent low grade fever, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, pharyngeal inflammation w/ white tonsillar exudates, ab pain and splenic enlargement, and Maculopapular rash. what do you suspect?

A

Infectious Mononucleosis caused by EBV

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21
Q

what is the tx for Infectious Mononucleosis caused by EBV?

A 
Self limited
Supportive care (NSAIDs, rest, fluids)
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22
Q

pt presents w/ sudden eruption of progressive papulovesicular rash (dermatomes C4-C5) with superficial burning sensations. You find no lymphadenopathy and normal vitals. what do you suspect?

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

23
Q

what lab should you order if you suspect shingles?

A

PCR

24
Q

what is the tx for shingles?

A

Antiviral (valacyclovir)
NSAID
Abx if lesions infected
Varicella vaccine

25
Q

child <5 yrs old presents w/ decreased appetite, erythematous, itchy lesions on hands, feet, and/or mouth (usu. painless), and flu-like sx (fever, malaise, sore throat, etc.). It is summer/fall and the child attends daycare. what do you suspect?

A

hand foot mouth disease

26
Q

what is the tx for hand foot mouth disease?

A

Supportive (usu. resolves in 7-10 days, tylenol/ibuprofen, hydration, maalox and benadryl, “magic mouthwash”)

27
Q

pt presents w/ sudden onset of dysphagia, decreased feeding, fever, upset stomach, tonsils w/ white exudate, palatal petechiae, and anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. what do you suspect?

A

strep pharyngitis

28
Q

pt 5-15 yrs old presents w/ ”strawberry tongue”, bright red sandpaper rash that covers most of body, sore throat and high fever, and Desquamation of hand and food. what do you suspect?

A

scarlet fever

29
Q

What labs should be ordered if you suspect strep pharyngitis?

A

RSAT (rapid strep antigen test) or throat culture

30
Q

what is the tx for strep pharyngitis/scarlet fever?

A

penicillin

31
Q

3-10 yr old child presents w/ painful, blister-like, oval-like papulovesicular lesions on back of throat, sudden high fever, dysphagia, pain w/ swallowing, N/V, abdominal pain. what do you suspect?

A

herpangina (Coxsackie A)

32
Q

what is the tx for herpangina?

A

Supportive (rest, rehydration, NSAIDs/ analgesics)

Typically resolves in 1 wk

33
Q

child presents w/ abrupt onset of fever, dry, hacking cough and sore throat, runny nose, weakness, easily fatigued, myalgias (body aches)

A

influenza

34
Q

infant presents w/ raised, red papules on face/scalp in the summer. they are more irritable at night. what do you suspect?

A

scabies

35
Q

child presents w/ itchy, raised red papules on body in the summer. the itchiness worsens at night. what do you suspect?

A

scabies

36
Q

what is the tx for scabies?

A

Permethrin cream or oral ivermectin

Everyone in household should receive tx, even if asymptomatic

37
Q

2 yr old female child presents w/ abdominal pain. She has been having more frequent accidents. She is afebrile and has normal vitals.

A

UTI

38
Q

what is tx for uti?

A

Treat empirically w/ Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) while awaiting urine culture or 1st gen cephalosporin if resistant

39
Q

A 5 year old female presents with a sudden onset of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, decreased ability to concentrate, and severe muscle pain which appeared less than 12 hours ago. She has neck stiffness and petechiae.

A

Meningococcal meningitis

40
Q

what labs should be ordered if you suspect Meningococcal meningitis ?

A

CSF analysis (elevated WBC and protein >200, and low glucose <40)
turbid
Increased opening pressure

41
Q

what is the tx for Meningococcal meningitis?

A

Empiric w/ Ceftrixone

Vaccines

42
Q

18 mo male who presents with nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, red/watery eyes, and a persistent cough for 1 week. Cough worsened significantly over the last 2-3 days. Coughing is violent with short expiratory bursts followed by long inspiratory efforts accompanied by high-pitched sound throughout the day.

A

whooping cough

43
Q

what labs should be ordered if you suspect whooping cough?

A

Culture of nasopharynx most sensitive during 1st 2 weeks of illness
PCR during 1st 3-4 weeks

44
Q

what is the tx for whooping cough?

A

Macrolides (azithromycin)

45
Q

4 year old presents with right hip pain and difficulty walking since returning home from preschool yesterday
Child began complaining of stomach pain and would guard his stomach when his parents tried to examine it
At dinner time, he refused to eat. Overnight, the child began vomiting and having diarrhea. He became increasingly upset, causing the parents to worry and bring him into the ER at 7:00 AM

A

appendicitis

46
Q

what labs indicate appendicitis?

A

Elevated WBC and ANC (absolute neutrophil count)

47
Q

6 year old male who presents with 4 day history of fever, headache, and sore throat. Cold/flu like symptoms improved yesterday but now he has a “slapped cheek rash” on his face and it has traveled down to his trunk.
The child feels much better, but the rash concerned his parents.

A

Erythema infectiosum

“fifth disease”

48
Q

what is the tx for erythema infectiosum?

A

Supportive care (ibuprofen/ tylenol)

49
Q 
5-year-old female who presents with a 7-day history of the following symptoms:
Congestion
Rhinorrhea
Scratchy throat 
Headache
Fever
A

URI (common cold)

50
Q

Past medical history of eczema. The area of pain is warm, mildly swollen and tender with a central lump filled with a whitish fluid. He started having tactile fevers, irritability, and a mild limp today which prompted the mother to bring him for evaluation.

A

cellulitis

51
Q

what is the tx for cellulitis?

A

Pustule incised and drained

Abx, topical mupirocin, antipyretics

52
Q

what labs should be ordered for cellulitis?

A

Gram stain w/ bacterial cx

53
Q

what is the tx for croup?

A

Steroids

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Pediatrics (7 decks)

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