Peds heme-Onc Flashcards
Aplastic anemia
Eti: failed bone marrow, drug reactions, infections (EBV)
S/sx: Weakness and pallor, petechiae, purpura, and bleeding, frequent/severe infections.
Dx: CBC, bone marrow biopsy
Tx: supportive, abx if indicated, blood transfusion may be necessary
Sickle cell
S/sx: first 3-4 months: asymptomatic, moderately severe hemolytic anemia by 1 yo,
- Dactylitis is most common initial symptom. Recurrent abdominal or MSK pain. Acute chest syndrome.
Dx: neonatal screening, CBC (showing normo or macrocytic anemia), blood smear (showing sickle cells and Howell-Jolly bodies)
Tx: daily prophylactic penicillin (2 mos - 5 years). Pneumococcal vaccine. All illness with fever need treated promptly with parenteral broad-spectrum abx.
- Acute episodes need hydration and transfusions.
Hemophilia A
Factor 8
Von willebrands Disease
Mucosal bleeding…
Tx: DDAVP
Hemophilia B
Factor 9
Protein C deficiency
sx: VTE, purpura fulminans, retinal thrombosis
Tx: lifelong anticoagulation
Idiopathic throbocytopenic purpura
Spleen forms platelet cross-reactive antibodies
Sx: occurs in healthy child usually following infection. Acute onset with appearance of multipe petechiae and ecchmoses, epistaxis
Factor V leiden
Sx: VTE, lots of clots
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
CML
Epi<5% childhood lleukemia
Age onset >3
S/sx: bone pain, fever, night sweats, fatigue
Dx: CBC - marked leukocytoisis
Neuroblastoma
Cancer that develops from immature nerve cells found in sveral areas of the body: adrenal glands and other areas.
s/sx: abd mass, hepatomegaly, fever, bone pain, limp,
Dx: ab ultrasound, CT chest/abd/pelvis
Medulloblastoma
15% of brain tumors
HA, vomiting, papilledema, irritability, failure to thrive,
Dx: measure head circumference
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Most common malignancy of childhood
S/sx: intermittent fevers, bruising, pallor, bone pain, HSM petechiae
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
S/sx: anemia, pallor, fatigue, bruising, infections
Tx: CBC
Auer Rods
Hodgkin lymphoma
S/sx: painless cervial adenopathy, supraclavicular, unilateral
Dx; lymph node biopsy, CT,
Dx: presence of the Reed-Sternberg cells
Astrocytoma
MC brain tumor in kids
S/sx: HA, vomiting, papilledema, ataxia
Phys: measure head circumference and observe gait
wilms tumor
MC type of kidney cancer in children
Asymptomatic adb mass
Rarely crosses midline
Which is more common Wilms tumor or neuroblastoma?
Neuroblastoma is most common abdominal tumor in kids
Retinoblastoma
MC intraoccular tumor in kids
S/sx: Leukocoria
