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PPD II Ex.2 > Peds Head to Toe Exam > Flashcards

Peds Head to Toe Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Shortly after delivery newborns are routinely given:

A
  • Erythromycin ointment in eyes to prevent infection
  • Vitamin K injection to prevent bleeding
  • Full bath
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2
Q

Prior to discharge newborns receive

A

First hepatitis B immunization

Hearing screen

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3
Q

____ in a Neonate is an emergency!!

A

Fever - Rectal over 100.4

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4
Q

Common issues at one month check: (3)

A
  • Constipation (perceived)
  • Colic (peaks at 1-2 months)
  • Congestion
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5
Q

Important topics for first week (2-5 days) newborn visit: (4)

A
  • Sleep on Back
  • Vit D supplement for breast fed babies
  • no honey for first year of life
  • set water heater to 120 deg F
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6
Q

For an infant exam you must be ____ with the ____ and begin with the _____ exam first.

A
  • Flexible
  • Sequence
  • Hear and Lung
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7
Q

Important topics for the 4 month visit: (3)

A
  • Starting Solids
  • Sleep
  • Safety = infants can drown in 1 inch of water
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8
Q

Before 9 mo the exam can be done on the ____. After this ______ sets in and the exam can be done on the ______.

A
  • Exam table
  • Stranger Danger
  • Parent’s Lap
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9
Q

Considerations for a Toddler’s Exam: (4)

A
  • perform on parent’s lap
  • allow child to interact with equipment
  • use equipment on parent or toy first
  • flexible sequence (save less tolerated potions for last)
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10
Q

Number for Poison Control

A

1-800-222-1222

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11
Q

Topics for 18 month exam: (4)

A
  • Toilet Training
  • Temper Tantrums
  • Anxiety
  • Consistent Discipline
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12
Q

General Considerations for School Aged Child Exam:(3)

A
  • Respect child’s modesty
  • Describe what you are doing step by step
  • be flexible with sequence
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13
Q

Topics for 10 year old Exam: (5)

A
  • Booster seat recommended until 4’9’’
  • 60 min of physical activity/day
  • bike & skateboard safety
  • sunscreen
  • guns
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14
Q

Topics for 11-14 year old exam: (8)

A

“HEEADSSS”

  • Home
  • Education
  • Eating
  • Activity
  • Drugs
  • Safety
  • Sex
  • Suicide
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15
Q

Recommended Immunizations for Children: (5)

A
  • RV
    (rotavirus)
  • DTaP
    (diphtheria, tetanus, or pertussis)
  • Hib
    (Haemophilus Influenzae Type b)
  • PCV (Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine)
  • IPV
    (polio)
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16
Q

The Anterior Fontanel is ____ and closes ____.

A
  • Larger and closes later (12 - 18 mo)
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17
Q

The Posterior Fontanel is ____ and closes _____.

A
  • Smaller and closes early (1-2 mo)
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18
Q

Both the anterior and posterior fontanels should be ____ and ____.

A

Soft and Flat (AFS/F)

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19
Q

Define: Caput succedaneum

A

Swelling of a newborn’s scalp appearing as a lump or bump after delivery

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20
Q

Caput succedaneum _____ _____ _____.

A

Crosses Suture Lines

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21
Q

Define: Cephalohematoma

A

is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn baby

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22
Q

Cephalohematoma does ___ _____ _____ _____.

A

does not cross suture lines

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23
Q

Bulging of the fontanel indicates _____.

A

Increased intracranial pressure

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24
Q

Define: Seborrheic Dermatitis

A
  • Baby dandruff

- also known as cradle cap

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25
Q

Tinea capitus Definition and Presentation

A
  • ring worm of the scalp

- perfect circular appearance/ hair clearing

26
Q

Alopecia Areata presentation

A

Non-symmetrical/patchy hair loss

27
Q

Puss around the Eye indicates a ______

A

Bacterial infection

28
Q

A red sclera indicates ____

A

Viral or allergic condition

29
Q

A yellow sclera indicates ____

A

icterus

30
Q

Childeren have _______ as compared to adults which _____.

A
  • Wider, shorter Eustachian Tubes

- predisposes them to otitis media

31
Q

Otitis Media Presentation

A
  • Red, bulging, no cone of light
32
Q

What are epstein pearls?

A

Mucous cysts on hard palate on infants

33
Q

Define Ankyloglossia

A

Short, thick lingual frenulum that may limit tongue mobility

34
Q

General treatment for Torticollis?

A

Physical therapy

35
Q

Normal RR for Neonate?

A

40 -60 breaths/min

36
Q

Normal HR for Neonate?

A

120 - 160 beats/min

37
Q

Apnea in an infant is….

A

greater than a 15-20 sec pause between breaths

38
Q

Signs of respiratory distress in infants (4)

A
  • retractions (intercostal and subcostal)
  • grunting
  • nasal flaring
  • accessory mm use
39
Q

what is diastasis recti?

A

a gap between the two sides of the rectus abdominis mm

40
Q

Flexible vs Rigid deformities

A
  • Flexible dt in utero positioning; self correcting

- Rigid usually require intervention

41
Q

Galeazzi Sign

A

With child lying supine and with knees/hips flexed to 90 deg, one leg appears shorter than the other

42
Q

Palmar Grasp

A
  • B to 4 mo

- Place finger in hand and press against palmar surface –> grasp finger

43
Q

Plantar Grasp

A
  • B to 9 mo

- touch sole at base or toes –> toes curl

44
Q

Rooting Reflex

A
  • B to 3/4 mo

- stroke perioral skin at corner of mouth –> mouth opens and baby turns head to side of stimulation

45
Q

Moro (Startle Reflex)

A
  • B to 4 mo

- Hold supine support head, back and legs; abruptly lower 2 feet –> arms abduct and extend, hands open, legs flex

46
Q

Infancy Milestones at 2 mo

A

social smile and coo

47
Q

Infancy milestone at 4 mo

A

no head lag with pulling infant to a sitting position

48
Q

Infancy Milestone at 8-9 mo

A
  • pincer grasp

- anticipatory guidance about choking hazards at six month check up

49
Q

Speech development (3)

A
  • age 2 = 2 word sentences
  • age 3 = 75% of speech is understandable by a stranger
  • age 4 = 100 % of speech is understandable too all
50
Q

Hemangiomas (3)

A
  • strawberry red
  • 50% resolve by age 5
  • 90% resolve by age 9
51
Q

Mongolian spots (3)

A
  • flat, grey/blue/black large macular lesions
  • lumbar/sacral region
  • fade during the first few years of life
52
Q

Impetigo (3)

A
  • “honey crusted lesions”
  • staph infections can be secondary to scratching
  • Rx: topical antibiotic cream
53
Q

Ringworm

A
  • elevated rings with central depression/clearing

- Rx: antifungal creams

54
Q

APGAR stands for:

A 
A- appearance (color) 
P - pulse 
G - grimace (reflex irritability) 
A - activity 
R - respiratory effort
55
Q

Most babies score a ___ because they lose a point dt _____.

A

9/10, peripheral cyanosis

56
Q

APGAR appearance score

A 
0 = blue, pale
1 = pink, blue extremities 
2 = all pink
57
Q

APGAR Pulse score

A 
0= absent 
1 =   100
58
Q

APGAR Reflex Irritability score

A 
0 = no response 
1 = grimace 
2 = crying vigorously, sneeze or cough
59
Q

APGAR Activity score

A 
0 = flaccid
1 = some flexion of arms/legs 
2 = active movement
60
Q

APGAR Resp. Effort score

A 
0 = absent 
1 = slow and irregular 
2 = good/strong

PPD II Ex.2 (2 decks)

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