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Clin Med IV Exam III > Peds Growth and Development > Flashcards

Peds Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What measurement are the best indicators of general health

A

serial measurements

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2
Q

What helps identify children at risk

A

failure to conform to expected patterns of growth

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3
Q

When are well child checks preformed

A
  • 2 weeks and/or 1 month
  • 2, 4, 6 mos
  • 9 mo
  • 12, 15 mos
  • 18 mos
  • 2 yrs
  • annually after 2
  • 4 yo
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4
Q

In premature infants, when does catch-up growth occur

A

the first 2-3 years of life

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5
Q

What should be measured at all office visits

A
  • weight
  • height
  • head circumference (under 2)
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6
Q

3 different growth charts

A
  • newborn (based on gestational age)
  • birth to 3 years
  • 2 years to 18 years
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7
Q

What special growth charts are there

A
  • turner syndrome
  • down syndrome
  • other syndromes
  • prematurity
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8
Q

Can expect weight loss when? How much

A

during the first 3-4 days of life, about 10%

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9
Q

When should infants regain their birth weight by

A

day 14

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10
Q

How should infants be weighted

A

only wearing a dry dipaer

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11
Q

How much weight should a child gain a month (up to 3 years)

A 
0-3 mnth: 1kg
3-6 mnth: 0.6 kg
6-9 mnth: 0.5 kg
9-12 mnth: 0.4kg
1-3 yrs: 0.25 kg
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12
Q

How much should a child grow a month (up to 6 years old)

A 
0-3mnths: 3.5 cm
3-6mnths: 2cm
6-9mnth: 1.5 cm
9-12 mnth: 1.2 cm
1-3 yrs: 1cm
4-6 yrs= 3cm /yr
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13
Q

Head circumference in an indicator of what

A

brain growth up to 2 years old

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14
Q

When do most cranial sutures close

A

by 6 months

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15
Q

BMI greater than what is a risk factors for obesity

A

greater than 95%

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16
Q

When should children be tested for lead

A

between 9 and 12 months and again at 2 and 3

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17
Q

When should children be tested for iron deficiency

A

Hgb or Hct at 12 months and again at 2,3,4,5 and 6 years

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18
Q

When is STD testing started? When is HIV testing started

A

STD: 11

HIV: 16-18

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19
Q

What is the definition of development

A

the acquisition of skills considered appropriate for a given age, based on population standards

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20
Q

What is the importance of developmental screening

A
  • identify delays and their etiologies
  • maximize potential of a child with appropriate interventions when available
  • provide support and reassurance to the family
21
Q

Four parts of development

A

gross motor

fine motor

language

social

22
Q

When does the greatest progress of gross and fine motor skills occur

A

during the first 3 years of life

23
Q

Gross motor and fine motors skills during the first year

A

rapid acquisition of gross and fine motor skills

24
Q

Gross motor and fine motor skills at 12 months to 3 years

A
  • reaction time quickens

- improved hand eye coordination and manual dexterity

25
Q

Gross motor and fine motor skills at 4 years and older

A
  • large muscle movement and coordination are being perfected

- fine motor skills are gradually improving

26
Q

Early gross motor milestones? When do they occur

A

rolls back to stomach: 4-10 months
sits steadily: 6-9 months
pulls to standing: 7-12 months
stands alone: 9-16 months

27
Q

Complex gross motor patterns and when they occur

A 
walks well: 13 months
stoops and recovers: 15 months
kicks ball forward: 2 years
throws ball overhand- 3 years
balances on 1 foot- 4 years
catches a ball- 5 years
28
Q

Fine motor skills and when they occur

A

rake: 5-7 months
radial digital grasp between side of index finer and thumb: 8-10 months
perfection of pincer grasp: 10-12 months
scribbles: 15 months
vertical or circular strokes, tower of 6 cubes: 24 months

29
Q

Two universal hearing screening tests

A

Auditory brainstem response (ABR)

Otoacoustic emissions (OAE)

30
Q

What population is the ABR used in? How does it work?

A

used in newborns and infants

-sounds are played into the baby’s ears and the brains response to the sound is measured

31
Q

What is the OAE used for? In who? How does it work?

A

in newborns and infants to assess cochlear fx

-sounds are played into the ear and cochlear response is measured

32
Q

What questions to ask parents about their childs hearing at 0-3 months. 4-6 months. 7-9 months.

A

0-3: does your baby startle to loud noises?

4-6: does your baby turn his eyes or head at the sound of your voice

7-9: does baby make string of sounds like “ba ba ba, da, da, da”

33
Q

What is the number one cause of speech delay

A

hearing loss

34
Q

When should you refer a child for a profession speech or language assessment

A
  • not talking by 2 years old
  • unintelligible speech by 3
  • no sentences by 3
  • child is embarrassed by their speech at any age
  • other known disorder is present such as mental retardation, hearing loss, autism, dysarthia, stuttering
35
Q

Assessment of vision in infants

A
  • red reflex
  • eye alignment
  • eye movements
36
Q

Assessment of vision in older children

A

observe how they fixate and track until more formal vision testing can be done (after age 3)

37
Q

What does the corneal light reflex help assess for

A

misalignment of the eyes

38
Q

How to check for strabismus?

A

cover/uncover test

39
Q

Vision in a full term newborn

A

focuses on face and briefly track objects

40
Q

Vision at 1 month

A

follow a moving object 60 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically

41
Q

Vision at 2 mnths

A

track across midline, responsive smile, follows movement 6 feet away

42
Q

Vision at 3 months

A

track 180 degrees, looks at hands

43
Q

Vision at 4-5 months

A

reaches for object 12 inches away, notices raisin 1 foot away, familiar smile

44
Q 
Personal social skills for:
2 mos
6 mos
9 mos
12 mos
18 mos
2 years
4 years
A 
2 mos: social smile
6 mos: reaches for objects
9 mos: feeds self, passes object hand to hand
12 mos: plays appropriately with toy
18 mos: drinks from cup
2 years: uses spoon
4 years: puts on t shirt
45
Q

What is the pneumonic for communicating with children

A

ONE VOICE

O: one voice should be heard during the procedure
N: need parental involvement
E: educate patient before the procedure about what is going to happen

V: validate child with words
O: offer the most comfortably, non threatening position
I: individualize your game plan
C: choose appropriate distraction to be used
E: eliminate unnecessary people not actively involved with the procedure

46
Q

What is something you need to take into account when assessing an infant;s growth and development

A

if they were premature or not and the degree of prematurity

they may only have the skills appropriate to their gestational age

47
Q

Three leading causes of death in adolescents

A
  • unintentional
  • suicide
  • homicide
48
Q

Four questions to ask in a suicide triage

A
  • in the past few weeks have you wished you were dead?
  • in the past few weeks, have you felt that you or your family would be better off f you were dead?
  • in the past week, have you been having thoughts about killing yourself
  • have you ever tried to kill yourself?

Clin Med IV Exam III (8 decks)

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