Peds: GI Dysfunction

Question 1

TBW (abbreviation)

Answer 1

total body water

Question 2

ICF (abbreviation)

Answer 2

intracellular fluid

Question 3

ECF (abbreviation)

Answer 3

extracellular fluid

Question 4

% of TBW in term newborn

Answer 4

75%

Question 5

% of TBW in late adolescence

Answer 5

45%

Question 6

TBW (definition)

Answer 6

the distribution of body fluids

Question 7

ICF (definition)

Answer 7

refers to the fluid contained WITHIN the cells

Question 8

ECF (definition)

Answer 8

the fluid OUTSIDE the cells

Question 9

ECF subcategories

Answer 9

1. interstitial
2. intravascular
3. transcellular

Question 10

interstitial

Answer 10

surrounding the cell - location of most ECF

Question 11

intravascular

Answer 11

contained within the blood vessels

Question 12

transcellular

Answer 12

contained within specialized body cavities, such as cerebrospinal, synovial, and pleural fluid

Question 13

% of body fluid contained in ECF: newborn

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

% of body fluid contained in ECF: toddler

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

Conditions requiring INCREASED fluid

Answer 15

*fever
*vomiting/diarrhea
*high-output kidney failure
*diabetes insipidus
diabetic ketoacidosis
*burns
*shock
*tachypnea
*radiant warmer (preterm infant)
*phototherapy (infants)
*postop bowel surgery (e.g., gastroschisis)

Question 16

Conditions requiring DECREASED fluid

Answer 16

• heart failure
• syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
• mechanical ventilation
• after surgery
• oliguric renal failure
• increased intracranial pressure

Question 17

Maintenance fluids contain _____ and ____ and can be estimated from the child’s ____, ____ ____, ____ __ ____, and ____ ____.

Answer 17

water; electrolytes

age; body weight; degree of activity; body temperature

Question 18

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 18

derived from standard tables and adjusted for the child’s activity, temperature, and disease state
Ex: afebrile patient at rest - maintenance water requirement is approx 100 mL for each 100 kcal expended

Question 19

insensible water loss (IWL)

Answer 19

two-thirds occur through the skin (sweat) and remaining one third is lost through the respiratory tract

Question 20

Factors that influence IWL

Answer 20

environmental heat and humidity; skin integrity; body temperature; respiratory rate