Peds: GI Dysfunction Flashcards
TBW (abbreviation)
total body water
ICF (abbreviation)
intracellular fluid
ECF (abbreviation)
extracellular fluid
% of TBW in term newborn
75%
% of TBW in late adolescence
45%
TBW (definition)
the distribution of body fluids
ICF (definition)
refers to the fluid contained WITHIN the cells
ECF (definition)
the fluid OUTSIDE the cells
ECF subcategories
- interstitial
- intravascular
- transcellular
interstitial
surrounding the cell - location of most ECF
intravascular
contained within the blood vessels
transcellular
contained within specialized body cavities, such as cerebrospinal, synovial, and pleural fluid
% of body fluid contained in ECF: newborn
50%
% of body fluid contained in ECF: toddler
30%
Conditions requiring INCREASED fluid
*fever
*vomiting/diarrhea
*high-output kidney failure
*diabetes insipidus
diabetic ketoacidosis
*burns
*shock
*tachypnea
*radiant warmer (preterm infant)
*phototherapy (infants)
*postop bowel surgery (e.g., gastroschisis)
Conditions requiring DECREASED fluid
- heart failure
- syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- mechanical ventilation
- after surgery
- oliguric renal failure
- increased intracranial pressure
Maintenance fluids contain _____ and ____ and can be estimated from the child’s ____, ____ ____, ____ __ ____, and ____ ____.
water; electrolytes
age; body weight; degree of activity; body temperature
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
derived from standard tables and adjusted for the child’s activity, temperature, and disease state
Ex: afebrile patient at rest - maintenance water requirement is approx 100 mL for each 100 kcal expended
insensible water loss (IWL)
two-thirds occur through the skin (sweat) and remaining one third is lost through the respiratory tract
Factors that influence IWL
environmental heat and humidity; skin integrity; body temperature; respiratory rate
