Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds > Peds Exam #2 Growth and Development > Flashcards

Peds Exam #2 Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Infant – Erickson’s developmental stage

A

(Trust vs Mistrust) - Caregivers responding to infant creates a sense of trust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Infant – Piaget’s developmental stage

A

(Sensorimotor) - Using senses/motor skills to learn about the world

Pigs (piaget) In (infant) motorboats (sensorimotor) get around the world faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Toddler – Erikson’s developmental stage

A

(Autonomy vs shame & Doubt) - Achieves autonomy and self control; separates from the caregiver

“erik and todd have an auto shop and it’s a shame how expensive it is”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Toddler – Piaget’s developmental stage

A

(Sensorimotor & Preoperational)- Differentiates self from objects, increased object permanence; symbolic thought

“Pigs (piaget) are Terrible (toddlers) at looking looking around”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Preschooler – Erikson’s developmental stage

A

(Initiative vs Guilt) - Likes to please parents, initiates activities with others, makes up own activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Preschooler – Piaget’s developmental stage

A

(Preoperational Substages)
Preconceptual – egocentric thinking & short attention span
Intuitive phases – classify objects; knows right from wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Preschooler – Kohlberg’s developmental stage

A

(Punishment - obedience orientation) - Determined good vs Bad dependent on the punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

School Age – Erikson’s developmental stage

A

(Industry vs Inferiority) - Interested in how things are made, success on personal/social tasks, outside activities, peers, learning

schools are an industry and we are inferior to those who run it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

School Age – Piaget’s developmental stage

A

(Concrete operational) - Learns by manipulating objects ; understands time, no abstract thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

School Age – Kohlberg’s developmental stages

A

(Conventional)- Acts are wrong b/c you get punished; behavior is either right or wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adolescent – Erikson’s developmental stages

A

(Identity vs Role Confusion/Diffusion) - Focus on body changes, Peer culture becomes primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adolescent – Piaget’s developmental stages

A

(Formal operation) - Greater abstract thinking; less egocentricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adolescent – Kohlberg’s development stages

A

(Post conventional Level III) - Adopts parental/societal morals; moves to internalized moral code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Negativism

A

Toddler is recognizing their individuality
Toddlers always saying “NO” is normal and is part of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Egocentrism

A

Focus on self occurs as the toddler gains need to feel in control
This can lead to temper tantrums and/or power struggles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Regression

A

Toddler may want to go back to an earlier stage - may ask for bottle or pacifier they had previously given up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Separation is seeing oneself as separate from the __________

A

parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Individuation is forming a sense of self and learning to control one’s environment - leading to __________ lability

A

emotional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When is the stepping reflex lost?

A

4-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When is the sucking reflex lost?

A

2-5 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is the rooting reflex lost?

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is the Moro reflex lost?

A

4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is the Asymmetric Tonic Neck reflex lost?

A

4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When is the Palmar Grasp reflex lost?

A

4-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When is the Plantar Grasp reflex lost?

A

9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When is the Babinski reflex lost?

A

12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Neck keeps head in upright position when body is tilted; trunk will turn in the direction the head is turned when supine (Begins 4-6 months)

A

Neck righting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Protective extension w/ arms when held up in the air and moved forward. Infant reached forwards to catch self

A

Parachute (forward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Protective extension w/ arms when tilted to side in a supported sitting position.

A

Parachute (sideways)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Protective extension w/ arms when tilted to backward.

A

Parachute (backward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When can you begin to see Neck Righting?

A

4-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When can you begin to see parachuting (forward)?

A

6-7 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When can you begin to see parachuting (sideways)?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When can you begin to see parachuting (backwards)

A

8-10 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Gross motor skill at 1 Month

A

Lifts and turns head when prone; head lag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Gross motor skill at 2 Months

A

Raises head and chest; improving head control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Gross motor skill at 3 Months

A

Raises head 45 degrees when prone; slight head lag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Gross motor skill at 4 Months

A

Lifts head and looks around, rolls prone to supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Gross motor skill at 5 Months

A

Rolls supine to prone and back; sits upright with support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Gross motor skill at 6 Months

A

Tripod sits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Gross motor skill at 7 Months

A

Sits alone with hand support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Gross motor skill at 8 Months

A

Sits unsupported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Gross motor skill at 9 Months

A

Crawls, ,abdomen off floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Gross motor skill at 10 Months

A

Pulls to a stand and cruises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Gross motor skill at 12 Months

A

Moves from sitting to standing; walks independently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Fine motor skill at 1 Months

A

Fists mostly clenched, involuntary hand movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Fine motor skill at 3 Months

A

Holds hand in front of face, hands open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Fine motor skill at 4 Months

A

Bats at objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Fine motor skill at 5 Months

A

Grasps rattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Fine motor skill at 6 Months

A

Releases object in hand to take another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Fine motor skill at 7 Months

A

Transfers object from one hand to the other

52
Q

Fine motor skill at 8 Months

A

Gross pincer grasp (Raking)

53
Q

Fine motor skill at 9 Months

A

Bangs objects together

54
Q

Fine motor skill at 10 Months

A

Fine pincer grasp, puts objects into container and takes them out

55
Q

Fine motor skill at 11 Months

A

Offers objects to others and releases them

56
Q

Fine motor skill at 12 Months

A

Feeds self with cup and spoon, makes simple marks on paper, pokes with index finger

57
Q

Infant Developmental Warning Signs
- Arms and legs are ________ or ________
- Child cannot support ______ at 3-4months
- Child reaches with only one ______
- Child cannot sit with assistance at ____ months
- Child does not ______ by 12 months

A
  • stiff or floppy
  • head
  • hand
  • 6
  • crawl
58
Q

Toddler Gross Motor Skills
- Initial walking with _________ _____
- Later includes:

A

“toddler gait”
- Running, climbing, jumping, pushing/pulling toy, throwing ball, pedaling tricycle

59
Q

Toddler Fine Motor Skills

A

Able to manage utensils, hold a crayon, string a bead, work a puzzle, use a touch screen

60
Q

Increase in PHYSICAL size ; height, weight, head circumference is known as:

A

Growth

61
Q

The sequential process by which infants and children gain various skills and function

A

Development

62
Q

An increase in functionality of body systems or developmental skills is known as:

A

Maturation

63
Q

Preschooler (3y) Fine Motor Skills:
- _______ self
- Builds a tower of ____blocks
- Screws/unscrews _____, ____, _______

A

Undresses self
9
lids, nuts bolts

64
Q

Preschooler (5y) Fine Motor Skills:
- Undresses/ _______ self
- Prints some _______
- Feeds self well with ________

A

dresses
letters
utensils

65
Q

Preschooler (3y) Gross Motor Skills:
- _____ well
- Pedals _______
- Climbs stairs with ____________ _____
- Bends over __________ __________

A

Climbs well
tricycle
alternate feet
without falling

66
Q

Preschooler (5y) Gross Motor Skills:
- Stands on one foot for >___ seconds
- ______ and climbs well
- May ______

A

10
Swings
Skip

67
Q

Motor warning signs (3y)
- ______ _______ often or has trouble with ______
- Drools or unclear _____
- Can’t work ______ toys
- Does not make ____ _______

A

Falls down, stairs
speech
simple
eye contact

68
Q

Motor warning signs (5y)
- Does not show a variety of _________
- Extremes of __________
- Unusually __________ or inactive
- Cannot complete ______-______ activities

A

emotions
behavior
withdrawn
self care

69
Q

School Age Gross motor Skills
- Coordination , _________, _________ improve
- _______ participation
- Older children may be awkward

A

rhythm, balance
sports

70
Q
  • 6-8y are at constant ______ - really enjoy ______ motor activities
A

motion
gross

71
Q

8-10y are less _______-, high ________, graceful in muscular movements

A

restless
energy

72
Q

10-12y are still _____ energy, can ____________ and _______ more. Increases strength and ___________

A

high
concentrate and focus
endurance

73
Q

School Age Fine Motor
- ______ usage improves
- ______-_______ coordination improves
- Can write neatly, can print words, _____, and build _______
- Performs/takes pride in activities that require ________ and ______ motor skills (playing instruments)

A

hand
eye hand
sew, models
dexterity, fine

74
Q

What kind of play do toddlers enjoy?

A

Parallel –> They usually play alongside each other instead of playing together

75
Q

What kind of play do preschoolers enjoy?

A

Cooperative play –> usually really enjoy make believe and pretend

76
Q

What kind of play do school age enjoy?

A

Cooperative –> sports
Solitary –> board, card, video games

77
Q

What kind of play do adolescents enjoy?

A

Competitive play (sports)

78
Q

Gross motor skills develop in what kind of fashion?

A

Cephalocaudal –> head to toe
** Head control > rolling> sitting> crawling> pulling to stand> walking

79
Q

Fine motor skills develop in what kind of fashion?

A

Proximodistal –> center to periphery
** Infant will first bat with entire hand, then progress to gross grasping then fine fingertip grasping

80
Q

What are some language concerns for an Infant?

A

No sounds/babbling by 4M
Does not laugh/squeal by 6M
Does not use words with meaning by 12M

81
Q

What are some concerns with vision for infants?

A

Does not respond to loud noises
Crosses eye most of the time 6M
Does not track interesting object
Does not try to study interesting object

82
Q

What is a hearing concern for infants?

A

Does not turn to locate sound at 4M

83
Q

Toilet training
Negativism
Temper Tantrums
Thumb sucking/ Pacifiers
Sibling rivalry
Regression
Tooth and gum health
Weaning to cup
** These are all developmental concerns for what age group?**

A

Toddlers 1y-3y

84
Q

What are some vision concerns in school age children?

A

-Eye rubbing/squinting
-Avoiding reading
-Frequent headaches
-Holding reading material close
-Problems with depth perception/ eye-hand coordination
-Lazy eye

85
Q

What is the term that refers to the ability to understand what is being said or asked? This is the most common of the 3

A

Receptive language

86
Q

What is the term that refers to the ability to communicate desires and feelings

A

Expressive

87
Q

What is the term that refers to the repetition of words and phrases without understanding

A

Echolalia

88
Q

What is the type of speech that only contains essential words to get the point across, much like a telegram.
** Instead of “I want a cookie and milk” the toddler will say “want cookie milk”

A

Telegraphic speech

89
Q

What are some NB sensory assessment findings?

A
  • Infants are near sighted
  • They life faces and contrasting colors
  • Hearing is intact at birth and screened before discharge
  • Smell rapidly develops within an hour of birth
  • Prefer the sound of human voices
  • Touch is crucial for NB communication (calms infant)
90
Q

What do growth charts assess?

A

They assess the adequate physical growth for a specific age

91
Q

When does puberty begin in girls?

A

9-10 years

92
Q

When does menarche begin?

A

9-15 years

93
Q

When does puberty begin in boys?

A

10-11

94
Q

What is the first sign of puberty development in girls?

A

Breast bud development

95
Q

What is the first sign of puberty in boys?

A

Testicular and penis enlargement

96
Q

What assessments are included in a well-visit?

A

-H&P assessment
-Developmental/behavioral assessment
-Sensory screening (vision/hearing)
-Appropriate at risk screening
-Immunizations
-Health Promotion/Anticipatory guidance

97
Q

When should you go to the ped. provider during infancy?

A

Birth
1m
2m
4m
6m
9m
12m

98
Q

If a 16 week old baby was born 3 weeks early, what would their adjusted age be?

A

13 weeks

99
Q

Rear facing, center of back seat away from airbags is the car safety for:

A

Infants

100
Q

Rear facing until 2y in back seat is the car safety for:

A

Toddlers

101
Q

Back seat 4-8y forward facing booster seat using lap and shoulder belt is the care safety for:

A

school-age children

102
Q

A 12y/o can sit in the front seat with her mom on the way to the bus stop to pick up her younger brother.
(TRUE OR FALSE)

A

FALSE – children younger than 13 years old should not ride in the front seat of a car

103
Q

What kind of care focuses on maintaining highest quality of life while maintaining treatment and other needs?
* Children with life-threatening/progressive incurable conditions usually receive this kind of care
* Can be home, hospital, or hospice setting

A

Palliative care

104
Q

What is the term where parents/pts can specify their wishes for care at the end of life

A

Limitations of care

105
Q

Withholding CPR if child’s heart stops beating

A

Do Not Resuscitate

106
Q

What is another form of a DNR

A

AND (Allowing Natural Death )

107
Q

What is the term for parents’ reaction to a serious illness illness/event/ event in the child’s past continues to have long-term psychologically harmful side effects on the child and parents for many years

A

Vulnerable Child Syndrome

108
Q

What are the risk factors for vulnerable child syndrome?

A
  • Preterm birth
  • Congenital Anomaly
  • NB jaundice
109
Q

Infant
-Heart ________ in size in the first year
-HR decreased from 120-140 to _____by 1Y
-BP increased from 60/40 to ___/___
-Peripheral capillaries are closer to the surface of the skin, making the NB and young infant more susceptible to ____ _____
-Thermoregulation becomes more effective as the child grows: peripheral capillaries constrict in response to cold and dilate in response to heat

A

doubles
100
100/50
heat loss

110
Q

Infant
-Tongue is larger relative to oral cavity size for ______________
-Stomach capacity _________ as infant grows
-Consistency/frequency of ______ change over the first year of life based on intake

A

Breastfeeding
Increases
Stools

111
Q

Infant
-Susceptible to __________
-Freq urination w low specific gravity (not concentrated until _________ mature)
-Lanugo/vernix may be present
-Acrocyanosis is ________decreases the in NB and decreased over first few days of life
-Skin is relatively _______ than that of adults with peripheral caps more superficial

A

dehydration
Glomeruli
normal
thinner

112
Q

Infant
- Fetal hemoglobin present in _____amounts at birth
-After birth, fetal production almost ______ and _____ hemoglobin production begins and increases through the first 6m
-Maternal iron stores transferred to the fetus during the last 3m of gestation provide sufficient _____for the first few months of life
-Iron stores depleted by __-__ months
-Iron-fortified formula recommended for non ___-________ infants
-Iron supplementation is recommended for BF infants beginning at ___ months

A

large
ceases, adult
iron
4-6
Non-breastfed
4

113
Q

Infant
-Infants are born with an ________ immune system
-Antibody production ________ gradually, maturing in early childhood
-Immunity during first 3-6m of life for antigens to which ________ was previously exposed
-_____________ provided addition protection through passive immunity

A

immature
increases
mother
Breastfeeding

114
Q

Toddler
-Brain reaches about __% of size by 2
-Increased myelinization improves coordination, balance, and _________control

A

90
Sphincter

115
Q

Toddler
-Alveoli increase in number until age __
-Trachea and airways are _____ compared to adult - tonsils and adenoids are _____relative to oral cavity

A

7
small
large

116
Q

Toddler
- Stomach _______ in size
- Less frequent _____
- Bowel control achieved at end of toddlerhood

A

increases
stools

117
Q

Toddler
- Bladder/kidney function reach adult function by ____-____m
- Urethra relatively ______

A

16-24m
short

118
Q

Toddler
- Bones increase in ________
- Muscles _______
- ___________ and pot belly due to weak muscles - until 3Y

A

length
mature
Swayback

119
Q

Preschooler
- Bladder/bowel control _______
-Resp. structures continue to grow in size; the number of _______ increase
-Eustachian tubes remain ______and straight
-HR decreases; BP increases; innocent heart ______may be heard
-Eruption of primary teeth complete by the beginning of preschool years
-Urethra remains _______
-Bones increase in length and muscles strengthen and mature

A

completed
alveoli
short
murmur
short

120
Q

-Brain and skull grow very _______; cognitive processes mature
-RR ________and are diaphragmatic in nature
-HR decreased BP increased
-Immune system matures to adult level around 10y of age; fewer infections
-Deciduous teeth replaced by ________ teeth; fewer GI upsets; stomach capacity increases; caloric needs are _______ but appetite may increase
-Bladder capacity _________; prepubescence occurs
-Greater coordination and strength; muscle still immature and easily __________

A

slowly
decrease
permanent, lower
increases
injured

121
Q

-Limit setting
-Negotiation
-Tech. to learn problem-solving
-Offer realistic choices
-Keep instructions simple
-Reinforce desirable behaviors
-Extinctions and negative for neg behavior time-outs
-Never spank younger than 18m – increased possibility of physical injury

These are discipline techniques for which age group?

A

Toddlers

122
Q

-Children learn the natural and logical consequences of discipline
-Parents should teach children rules established by the family, values, and social rules of conduct
-Discipline should be consistent, applied fairly, and focus on the development of the child
-Acknowledgement of positive behaviors is more likely to encourage positive behaviors and promote development

These are discipline techniques for which age group?

A

School Age children

123
Q

Warning signs of Autism
- Does not ________
-Lack of interest in joint attention
-____contact abnormalities
-Delayed ________ development
-Failure to develop symbolic imaginative play
-Losing language or _______skills at any age

A

imitate
eye
language
social

124
Q

What are some benefits of breast feeding?

A

Best nutrition for infants
Health benefits for mom and infant
Heavily influenced by cultural expectations
Successful BF requires correct use of BF techniques

125
Q

What are some contraindications to breastfeeding?

A

Infants with galactosemia
Maternal use of illicit drugs and few prescription meds
Maternal untreated active TB
Maternal HIV infection in developed countries

126
Q

What are some risk factors for suicide in children?

A

Does not imitate
Lack of interest in joint attention
Eye contact abnormalities
Delayed language development
Failure to develop symbolic imaginative play
Losing language or social skills at any age

Peds (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions