Peds Exam 1 Flashcards
List characteristics of Trisomy 21.
- Slanted eyes
- Depressed nasal bridge
- Loose muscle tone + joints
- Abnormally shaped ears
- Large tongue
- Simian crease (crease on palm)
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fobgynkey.com%2Ftrisomy-21%2F&psig=AOvVaw0rtSqJBHi_vqjCI8NSKF3h&ust=1727180553427000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCODTo46H2YgDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAP
A 4 month old infant is taken to the clinic with misaligned eyes. What is the patients diagnosis? Is this normal?
Strabismus. Yes, normal until 6 months of age.
Analyze Rubeolla
Caused by: virus
Pt will present with: Fever/cough, Kolpik spots (bright red w/ blue and white center)
Coryza (inflamed mucus membrane)
Red bumpy rash
Conjunctivitis
Preventable: w/ MMR vaccine
Solutions/Actions for Cystic Fibrosis
CPT to loosen mucus
Admin recombinant human DNase (Pulmozyme) via nebulizer
Aerosolized ABX
Pancreatic enzymes + vitamins
Increase calorie count + high protein diet
Solutions/Actions for Varicella
Supportive tx; Oatmeal baths, antipruritics, monitor temp, varicella vaccine
*Isolate at home until vesicles dry
Solutions/Actions for Strep/Scarlet fever.
Admin penicillin/amoxicillin
Complete throat culture
Encourage fluids + cool mist humidification
Soft/warm/cold foods
[- Strep test]
Notice: fever, rash on face/trunk/extremities
Thick white coat on tongue w/ strawberry appearance
Red swollen throat
Solutions/Actions for Epiglottitis
Lateral neck radiograph
Apply 100% oxygen, keep pt sitting up
Admin IV ABX
Keep emergency trache at bedside
Vaccine prevention: Hib
Solutions/actions for croup
Lateral neck radiograph to r/o epiglottitis
Admin dexamethasone + racemic epinephrine
Encourage humidified air
Inform parents of s/s of resp distress
Solutions/Actions for Asthma
Short acting + long acting bronchodilators
Inhaled corticosteroids
Leukotriene modifiers
Avoid allergens + smoking
Solutions/Actions for Conjunctivitis
Collect bacterial culture
Warm compress on eyes + eyedrops/ointment
Frequent eye washing w washcloth + water
Avoid allergens
Do not touch/tub eyes or share towels/washcloths
Solutions/Actions for Impetigo
Admin topical mupirocin ointment
Oral cephalosporin
Cool compresses to remove crusts + cover lesions to prevent infection
Educate about good hygiene
Actions/Evaluate outcomes for Pneumonia.
Increase hydration
Raise HOB
Supplemental O2
ABX
Chest radiograph
Incentive spirometer use
Sputum culture
WBC
PCV13 vaccination
Actions/Evaluate outcomes for infectious mono.
Analgesics
Salt-water gargles
Corticosteroids
Decrease fever + periorbital edema
+ Epstein Barr or Monospot virus titer
Lasts > 6 weeks
Actions/Evaluate outcomes for Tonsillitis & surgery
Keep pt side lying or front until fully awake
ABX tx
Cool liquids + mists + analgesics
Pt should NOT be frequently coughing or see bright red blood in emesis
**Avoid use of straws, coughing, blowing nose
Actions/Evaluate outcomes for Otitis Media
Warm/Heat compress
Have child lay on affected side w/ compress on ear
ABX
Flu immunization
Vaccination: PCV13
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize Tetanus
Lock jaw
Difficulty swallowing/stiff neck
Body spasms
Seizures
Pt may req mechanical ventilation or muscle relaxants
Wound debridement
ABX
Vaccinations: DTap + Tdap
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize Pertussis
“Whooping cough” = Paroxysmal coughing
Cold symptoms
Complete sputum culture
Antimicrobial therapy
Vaccination: DTap + TDap
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize: burns
1st
2nd
3rd
4th degree burns (compare to Exam 1 study guide)
Primary vs secondary assessment
Fluid resuscitation with lactated ringers
Is injury appropriate to story?
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize/Solution: Atopic dermatitis
Itching; rash on body
Elevated IgE levels
Complete skin prick allergy testing
*Be aware of 3 A’s: Asthma, Allergic rhinitis + Atopic dermatitis
Admin topical corticosteroids, immune modulators, antihistamines + fragrance-free moisturizers
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize/Solution/Action/Evaluate: Botulism
Drooping eyelids
Difficulty swallowing [muscle weakness]
Slurred speech, diminished gag reflex
Dx: Lumbar puncture
Admin: botulism antitoxin
Maintain resp status
Vacc: botulism immune globulin + antitoxin
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize/Solution/Action/Evaluate: Scabies
Itching at night
Mites present
Rash
Lesions on hands/feet/body folds
Admin scabicide [permethrin or lindane]
Advise to wash washables w/ hot water + hot dry
Thoroughly clean + vacuum rooms
Avoid skin to skin contact
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize/Solution/Action/Evaluate: Lice
Itching
Pruritis
Eggs/nits/bugs on scalp
Admin pediculicide hair wash
Wash washables on hot cycles
Seal non-washables in bag for 10 days
Notice/Analyze/Hypothesize/Solution/Action/Evaluate: RSV
Air hungry
Cyanosis
Resp distress
Adventitious lung sounds[cannot fully exhale]
Complete chest radiograph
AHG + nasal pharyngeal washing
Admin epinephrine, albuterol/levalbuterol, antipyretics, palivizumab(Synagis),
Admin supplemental O2, bronchodilators, increase hydration
Assess airway/suctioning
[Lower airway issue]
Infant vitals
RR: 25-55
HR- 80-150
BP: 87-105/53-66
Toddler vitals
RR: 20-30
HR: 70-120
BP: 95-105/53-66
Preschool vitals
RR: 20-25
HR: 65-110
BP: 95-110/56-70
School age vitals
RR: 14-26
HR: 60-100
BP: 97-112/57-71
Adolescent vitals
RR: 12-20
HR: 55-95
BP: 112-128/66-80
Infant vaccinations
- Hepatitis B [birth]
- DIHHHPeR- DTap, IPV(Polio), Hep B, Hib, PCV13, Rotovirus [2 months]
- “ “ no Hep B [4 months}
- Same as 2 months + Influenza (yr) [6 months]
Toddler vaccinations
- DTap, Hib, PCV13, MMR, Varicella, Hepatitis A [12-18 months]
Preschool vaccinations
- DTap, IPV (Polio), MMR, Varicella, Influenza (yr) [4-6 years]
School age vaccinations
- Tdap, HPV (3 doses) Meningococcal [11-12 yrs old]
