PEDS Development ages 0-3 years old (pages 1-7 in notes) Flashcards
What is used to track cognitive and motor skills?
Denver Tracking chart
Healthy physical development should be within what percentage for age?
5%
Healthy development of cognitive skills should be within what percentage for age?
5%
What constitutes healthy development and behaviors?
Physical development Cognitive skills Ability to connect/relate to others Ability to act autonomously Ability to relate to others & get support when needed (healthcare providers, etc.) Ability to nurture/soothe oneself
What is included on a growth chart?
height
weight
head circumference
What is included in a Denver Development Chart II?
Gross motor
Fine motor
personal-social
language
How old is a newborn/neonate?
28 days old or less
What are some behaviors of newborns?
- prone- lifts head to 45 degrees
- moves arms & legs equally
- infantile reflexes (grasp, startle, etc)
- regards face (9”)
- responds to noise
What is normal weight change of a newborn?
may lose 10% weight in 1st week but regain it in next 2-3 weeks
Typical weight gain & height for 1-3 month old?
5-7 ounces/week (1-2lbs/month)
1 inch/ month
What are some behaviors of 1-3 month olds?
- eats 2-3 ounces/lb/24 hours
- tracks with eyes & positive blink reflex
- vocalizes sounds & responds to noise
- begins hand to mouth coordination
- prone- lifts head to 90 degrees
- supine- head control improves (to sitting)
- lays in position placed
- crying= main communication
What are GI behaviors of 1-3 month olds?
- nurses every 2-3 hours (day & night)
- 6-8 wet diapers/day
- 1-6 bowel mvmts/day
Developmental Lag Warning signs at 6-8 weeks old
General- tremors/seizures, asymmetric, jerky, spastic mvmts; hypertonia, hypotonia
Hearing- does not respond to loud noise by startle reflex; not vocalizing any sounds
Vision- failure to follow or fix at 9-12 inches
Excessive head lag- on pulling to sitting position; poor head control
Leg- immobility or continued leg extension; legs adducted when held up vertically
Typical weight & height gains of 4-6 month olds?
- gains5-7 ounces/week
- 1”/month
Behaviors of 4-6 month olds?
laughs & mmm sounds; imitates sounds; turns to rattle or voice
- good head control
- able to roll over - able to sit up with support
- able to bear minimal weight on legs with help
- can grasp a rattle/object; improved hand-mouth coordination
- eats 2-3 ounces/lb/24hrs + solids
When does far vision develop?
by 6 months
Developmental lag warning signs at 6 months
General- no smiling (usually by 3 mo); jerky or spastic mvmts, does not appear to recognize parents
Hearing/speech- Failure to turn toward sound; does not vocalize sounds, laugh, or squeal
Vision- failure to fix or follow both near and distant objects
Failure to keep head steady- when pulled to sitting position; persistent fisting; Failure to push up or roll over; cannot sit up with support
Legs- increased adductor tone; increased reflexes;clonus
How much weight gain should be achieved by 7-9 months?
doubled birth weight by this time
Typical behaviors of 7-9 month olds?
- feeds self finger goods; hand to hand transfer, can pass cube from hand to hand
- teeth grow (readiness signs for eating)
- indicates wants; waves bye; plays pat-a-cake; irmitates facial expressions (social skills)
- sits without support; stands with support; crawling well
- language develops- babbling sounds to first word; non-specific (mama, dada, no)
How much weight gain should be achieved by 10-12 months? Height?
tripled birth weight
26-29 inches
Typical behaviors of 10-12 month olds?
- improving grasp/fine motor- table foods with spoon & drinks from cup
- attempts to play ball with examiner
- walks with help; standing on their own
- language developing (2-4 words)
Developmental Lag Warning signs at 10 months
Lack of imitation: does not reach for toy; poor grasp control; not attempting to feed self or put things in own mouth
Hearing/speech: does not babble; does not imitate sounds; does not seek attention
Vision: displays a squint or nystagmus
Arms: fails to pass cube from one hand to other; abnormal hand posture (fisting)
Unable to sit without support
Legs- absence of weight bearing while held (6-9mos)
At what age is typical to begin walking well?
16 months
At what age is typical to begin running?
18-20 months
At what age is a child typically able to jump and kick a ball?
2 years
At what age is a child typically able to throw overhand, stand on one foot for 1-3 secs?
3 years
What are typical social & language behaviors of children 1-3 years old?
18 months- uses spoon & fork, washes hands
2-3 yrs- removes clothes to dresses self, brushes teeth, knows friends names; toilet training- most by age 2-3.5 YO
10 months= mama & dada
12 months- few single words
18-24 months- able to say 2 word phrases
3 YO- appx 1000 words >3 word phrases
Developmental Lag Warning signs at 18 months
General- absence of constructive play; indicates wants only by crying
Hearing/speech- lack of any words (specifically mama & dada)
Arms- no finger-thumb grip (pincer); does not bang blocks together
Legs- unable to stand bearing weight WITHOUT support
Vision- any apparent visual defect
Developmental Lag Warning signs at 2 years
General- does not play peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake; not drinking from a cup
Hearing/speech- absence of words other than mama & dada
Vision- failure to match toys
Arms- does not attempt building with blocks; tremor or ataxia
Legs- unable to walk without aid
