PEDS Chapter 33: Holding, Positioning, and Environmental Safety

Question 1

Reasons for Majority of Hospitalizations of Children: Children younger than 5 years

Answer 1

Respiratory diseases

Question 2

Reasons for Majority of Hospitalizations of Children: Older children

Answer 2

Respiratory diseases, mental health problems, injuries, and gastrointestinal disorders

Question 3

Reasons for Majority of Hospitalizations of Children: Adolescents

Answer 3

Problems related to pregnancy, childbearing, mental health, and injury

Question 4

Psychological Effects of Hospitalization on Children

Answer 4

Anxiety and fear related to the overall process
Potential for bodily injury, physical harm, and pain
Separation from home, family, friends, etc.
Anger and guilt
Separation anxiety
Regression
Other types of defense mechanisms

Question 5

Is the following statement true or false?
The nurse observes that a hospitalized 5-year-old child shows signs of distress when her mother leaves to get a cup of coffee. This child is experiencing the condition known as regression.

Answer 5

False The child showing signs of distress when her mother leaves to get a cup of coffee is experiencing the condition known as separation anxiety.
Rationale: Separation of children from their homes, families, friends, and what is familiar to them may result in separation anxiety. Regression refers to a return to a previous stage of development due to anxiety.

Question 6

Factors Influencing Family Reaction to Illness/Hospitalization

Answer 6

Parenting style 
Family–child relationship 
Family members’ coping skills
Cultural, ethnic, and religious variations
Values and practices related to illness 
General response to stress
Attitudes about the care of a sick child

Question 7

Methods to Promote Coping in Children

Answer 7

Breathing techniques
Distraction techniques
Imagery
Music
Child teaching before events

Question 8

Techniques to Reduce Stress in Children During Procedures

Answer 8

Perform nursing care on stuffed animals or dolls.
Avoid the use of medical terms.
Allow the child to handle some equipment.
Teach the child the steps of the procedure.
Show the child the room where he or she will be staying.
Introduce the child to the health care personnel.
Explain the sounds the child may hear.
Let the child sample the food that will be served.

Question 9

Restraint Policy

Answer 9

Reason for the restraint
Child assessment parameters identifying the need for the restraint
Use of at least one alternative method for restriction before using a restraint
Use of the least restrictive type of restraint for the purpose
Need for a written order by a licensed independent practitioner (LIP) within 1 hour of application of the restraint
Need for face-to-face evaluation by LIP within 1 hour of application of the restraint