Peds - Cancer Flashcards
Neoplastic disease is the ____ cause of death in the pediatric age group in the US. Solid tumors represent ____% of cases while acute leukemia represents the remaining _____%
2nd leading cause
70%
30%
Name the 5 most common cancers in kids < 15 yoa
- Leukemias (30%)
2 CNS tumors (19%) - Lymphomas (12%)
- Sympathetic nervous system tumors (8%)
- Renal tumor (7%)
followed by
- soft tissue sarcomas 6%
- bone tumors 5%
- retinoblastomas 3%
- germ cell tumors 3%
____% of pediatric brain tumors arise in posterior fossa
50%
Supratentorial tumorspresent with increased intracranial pressure along with _____ in 40% of case.
seizures
Hodgkins disease occurs two times more frequently in males than females and most often in ____ decade.
youngest reported case in kids is _____
third
3 yoa
_______ is the most common presentation of hodgkins disease in children
painless cervical adenopathy
_____ is a non-lymphoblastic lymphoma found principally in Africa. A viral cause has been proposed wiht the ebstein-barr virus suggested.
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Burkitt’s Lymphoma (african lymphoma) is characterized by (3)
- predilection for facial bones and mandible
- primary involvement of abdominal nodes and viscera
- massive proliferation of primitive lymphoid cells
_____ tumors arise from cells in the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla
neuroblastoma
____ is the third most common pediatric neoplasm in kids < 5 yoa with the highest incidence at 2 yoa
neuroblastoma
presentation of neuroblastoma is in the _____ area
abdominal area - associated with distant mets and poor prognosis
In early childhood, the most common abdominal masses are ___-, ____, and ____
hydronephrosis, neuroblastoma, wilms tumor
Wilms tumor develops within the _____ and enlarges with distortion and invasion of adjacent renal tissue
renal parenchyma
Wilms tumor occurs most often in kids ____ age
it occurs bilaterally in ____% and may be associated with congenital abnormalities
2-5 yoa
5%
_____ is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children
rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with ______ and is most commonly found in the neck and head
neurofibromatosis
_____ followed by _____ are the most common types of malignant bone tumors in children and occur more often in kids > 10 years of age
Osteosarcoma - metaphysis (commonly distal femur, prox tibia, prox humerus)
Ewings sarcoma - (long and flat bones including pelvis and most typically in the diaphysis)
Osteochondroma, unicameral bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, eosinophilic granuloma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and fibrous displasia are all examples of
benign bone and cartilage tumors in kids
