Peds - Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplastic disease is the ____ cause of death in the pediatric age group in the US. Solid tumors represent ____% of cases while acute leukemia represents the remaining _____%

A

2nd leading cause
70%
30%

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2
Q

Name the 5 most common cancers in kids < 15 yoa

A
  1. Leukemias (30%)
    2 CNS tumors (19%)
  2. Lymphomas (12%)
  3. Sympathetic nervous system tumors (8%)
  4. Renal tumor (7%)

followed by
- soft tissue sarcomas 6%
- bone tumors 5%
- retinoblastomas 3%
- germ cell tumors 3%

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3
Q

____% of pediatric brain tumors arise in posterior fossa

A

50%

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4
Q

Supratentorial tumorspresent with increased intracranial pressure along with _____ in 40% of case.

A

seizures

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5
Q

Hodgkins disease occurs two times more frequently in males than females and most often in ____ decade.

youngest reported case in kids is _____

A

third

3 yoa

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6
Q

_______ is the most common presentation of hodgkins disease in children

A

painless cervical adenopathy

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7
Q

_____ is a non-lymphoblastic lymphoma found principally in Africa. A viral cause has been proposed wiht the ebstein-barr virus suggested.

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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8
Q

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (african lymphoma) is characterized by (3)

A
  1. predilection for facial bones and mandible
  2. primary involvement of abdominal nodes and viscera
  3. massive proliferation of primitive lymphoid cells
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9
Q

_____ tumors arise from cells in the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla

A

neuroblastoma

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10
Q

____ is the third most common pediatric neoplasm in kids < 5 yoa with the highest incidence at 2 yoa

A

neuroblastoma

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11
Q

presentation of neuroblastoma is in the _____ area

A

abdominal area - associated with distant mets and poor prognosis

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12
Q

In early childhood, the most common abdominal masses are ___-, ____, and ____

A

hydronephrosis, neuroblastoma, wilms tumor

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13
Q

Wilms tumor develops within the _____ and enlarges with distortion and invasion of adjacent renal tissue

A

renal parenchyma

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14
Q

Wilms tumor occurs most often in kids ____ age
it occurs bilaterally in ____% and may be associated with congenital abnormalities

A

2-5 yoa
5%

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15
Q

_____ is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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16
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with ______ and is most commonly found in the neck and head

A

neurofibromatosis

17
Q

_____ followed by _____ are the most common types of malignant bone tumors in children and occur more often in kids > 10 years of age

A

Osteosarcoma - metaphysis (commonly distal femur, prox tibia, prox humerus)
Ewings sarcoma - (long and flat bones including pelvis and most typically in the diaphysis)

18
Q

Osteochondroma, unicameral bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, eosinophilic granuloma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and fibrous displasia are all examples of

A

benign bone and cartilage tumors in kids