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Step 2 CK > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

First week of delivery red eyes what diagnosis and best step in management?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

Treat with ceftriaxone

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2
Q

After one week of delivery red eyes what is the diagnosis and treatment?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Treat with oral erythromycin

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3
Q

Red eyes After 3 wks of delivery what diagnosis and treatment?

A

Herpes simplex

Treat with systemic acyclovir and topical vidarabine

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4
Q

The one vaccine every infant gets at birth

If the mother is HBsAg positive infant also gets hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)

A

Hepatitis B vaccine

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5
Q

Diagnosis and Txt for TTN

A

Dx: CXR
Txt: Oxygen PPV if desaturating

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6
Q

First step in management for a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia?

A

Intubation

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7
Q

Asymptomatic flank mass
Hematuria
HTN

A

Wilm’s tumor

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8
Q

Painful abdominal mass
Opsoclonus/myoclonus
Diarrhea

A

Neuroblastoma

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9
Q

Three Holosystolic murmurs

A

MR
TR
VSD

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10
Q

Four components of Tetrology of Fallot

A

Pulmonary Stenosis
VSD
Overriding aorta
RVH

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11
Q

Most common cyanotic heart defect in neonates

A

Transposition of the Great Vessels (TGV)

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12
Q

The most common cyanotic heart defect in children

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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13
Q

VSD May show this on EKG

A

RVH

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14
Q

Best initial test in Esophageal atresia

A

CXR

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15
Q

This is a concern for Esophageal atresia

A

Aspiration PNA

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16
Q

Best initial step in choanal atresia?

A

Pass NG tube

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17
Q

Most diagnostic step in choanal atresia

A

CT scan

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18
Q

First initial step in management of choanal atresia?

A

Secure airway

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19
Q

Best initial step in Duodenal Atresia?

A

CXR

Double bubble

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20
Q

First step in management of duodenal atresia

A

IVF

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21
Q

String sign in a child

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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22
Q

Best initial test in pyloric Stenosis?

A

Abdominal US

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23
Q

Most accurate test in Pyloric Stenosis?

A

Upper GI series

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24
Q

Treatment for Pyloric Stenosis

A

IVF
NG tube
Pyloromyotomy

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25
Q

Best initial test for Hirschsprung Disease

A

CXR

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26
Q

Most accurate test for Hirschsprung Disease

A

Rectal suction biopsy

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27
Q

Abdominal pain
Bilious vomiting
90% occur during 1st year of life

A

Volvulus

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28
Q

Best initial step in diagnosing volvulus?

A

Upper GI series

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29
Q

Management of Volvulus

A

Decompression of gut
IVF
Surgery

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30
Q

What is a pt with a volvulus is decompensating?

A

Start Abx

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31
Q

Colicky abdominal pain
Bilious vomiting
Currant jelly stool
Sausage like mass

A

Intussusception

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32
Q

Best initial test for Intussusception?

A

US

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33
Q

Most accurate test in Intussusception?

A

Air contrast barium enema

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34
Q

First step in Intussusception?

A

IVF and correction of electrolytes

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35
Q

US shows Doughnut sign

A

Intussusception

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36
Q

Treatment of Intussusception

A

Air enema

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37
Q

Painless rectal bleeding in an infant

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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38
Q

Child born severely premature with low birth weight
Vomiting and abdominal distension
Frank or occult blood in stool
Fever or hypothermia

A

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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39
Q

Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

A

Abdominal XRay

Pneumatosis intestinalis

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40
Q

Treatment for necrotizing Enterocolitis

A 
Abx
NG tube
NPO
IVF
Watch lactate
Perf or necrosis emergency surgery
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41
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities of infants born to diabetic mothers

A

Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia

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42
Q 
Increased aldosterone 
Decreased cortisol
Decreased sex hormones
Hypertensive 
Hypokalemia
A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 17a hydroxylase deficiency

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43
Q 
Decreased aldosterone
Decreased cortisol
Increased sex hormones 
Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
A

21-a-hydroxylase def

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44
Q 
Decreased aldosterone
Decreased cortisol
Increased sex hormones
Increased 11-DOC
HTN
A

11-b hydroxylase def

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45
Q

Best initial test for Lead poisoning

A

Finger stick for cap blood lead level

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46
Q

Most accurate test for Lead poisoning

A

Venous blood lead level

47
Q

Lead poisoning lifestyle changes and outpatient follow-up

A

Mild intoxication (<44mcg/dL)

48
Q

Oral succimer as inpatient

A

Moderate intoxication (45-69mcg/dL)

49
Q

IV dimercaprol

A

Severe intoxication (>70mcg/dL)

50
Q

Most accurate test in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

A

Skin biopsy analyzed for collagen synthesis by culturing dermal fibroblast

51
Q

Painful limp
Xrays show joint effusions and widening
Ages 2-8

A

Legg Calve Perthes disease(avascular necrosis of femoral head)

52
Q

Painful limp externally rotated leg
Xrays show widening of joint space
Adolescence especially in obese pts

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

53
Q 
PDA
Cataracts
Deafness
Hepatosplenomegaly
Thrombocytopenia
Blueberry muffin rash
Hyperbilirubinemia
A

Rubella

54
Q

Periventricular calcifications with microcephaly chorioretinitis hearing loss petechiae

A

CMV

55
Q

Chorioretinitis hydrocephalus and multiple ring enhancing lesions on CT

A

Toxoplasmosis

56
Q

Treatment for Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

57
Q

Treatment for CMV

A

Ganciclovir with signs of end organ damage

58
Q 
Sandpaper rash over trunk and extremities 
Fever
Pharyngitis
Strawberry tongue
Cervical lymphadenopathy 
Typically last 3 to 6 days
A

Scarlet fever

59
Q 
A child with more than 5 days of fever and 4/5 of the following criteria: 
Rash
Mucositis
Edema or erythema of hands and feet 
Cervical lymphadenopathy 
Limbic sparing bilateral conjunctivitis
A

Kawasaki Dx

60
Q

Treatment of Kawasaki Dx

A

IVIG and aspirin

61
Q

Elevated WBC and platelet counts
Elevated transaminases
Elevated inflammatory markers
Anemia and pyuria

A

Kawasaki Dx

62
Q

Should have echo at diagnosis and repeat echo 2-6 wks later to assess for coronary artery involvement

A

Kawasaki Dx

63
Q

Invasive infection of the external auditory canal and skull base
Usually due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Malignant Otitis Externa

64
Q

Best initial test for malignant otitis externa

A

CT scan of the skull base

65
Q

Most accurate test for malignant otitis externa

A

Biopsy

66
Q

Treatment for malignant otitis externa

A

Oral/IV ciprofloxacin or ceftazidime

67
Q

Triad of barking cough, Coryza and stridor

A

Croup

68
Q

Inflammation of upper airway including larynx and trachea(subglottic space) usually due to parainfluenza

A

Croup

69
Q

CXR shows steeple sign

A

Croup

70
Q

Mild: warm/cool mist
Moderate: steroids
Severe: racemic epi and steroids

A

Treatment for croup

71
Q 
Usually due to H. Influenzae b
Fever
Hot potato voice
Drooling
Tripod position 
Refusal to lie flat
A

Epiglottis

72
Q

Intubation
Ceftriaxone for 7 to 10 days
Rifampin to all close contacts

A

Epiglottis

73
Q

Thumbprint sign on neck x Ray

A

Epiglottis

74
Q

Bordetella pertusis

A

Pertusis whooping cough

75
Q 
Day 0 to 14 
Rhinorrhea
Congestion
Most contagious period
Only time antibiotics are helpful to pt
Last 14 days
A

Catarrhal stage Pertussis

76
Q 
Day 14-45
Last 14-30 days 
Severe coughing
Post-tussive emesis
Usually no fever
Abx prescribed to reduce transmissibility
A

Paroxysmal

Pertussis

77
Q

Day 45 to 60
Prolonged resolution of symptoms
Coughing fits remain less respiratory distress
Last 14 days

A

Convalescent

Pertussis

78
Q

Most symptomatic phase of Pertussis

A

Paroxysmal stage

79
Q

Treatment for Pertussis

A

Azithromycin or erythromycin

80
Q

Productive cough lasting 7-10 days with fever treatment is supportive

A

Bronchitis

81
Q 
Cervical adenopathy
Petechiae
Fever above 104
URI symptoms
Acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Txt oral PCN 10 days
A

Pharyngitis

82
Q

Gray pseudomembranous plaque on the pharyngeal wall

A

Diphtheria

83
Q

Decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio

A

Asthma

84
Q

Poor night vision

Pseudo tumor cerebri

A

Vitamin A

85
Q

Beriberi
Wermickes encephalopathy
Water soluble

A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

86
Q

Angular chelitis
Stomatitis
Glossitis
Water soluble

A

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

87
Q 
Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death
Water soluble
A

Vitamin B3 (niacin)

88
Q

Burning feet syndrome water soluble

A

Vitamin B5 (panthothenic acid)

89
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

Must be given with INH

A

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

90
Q

Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Water soluble

A

Vitamin B 9 Folate

91
Q

Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophil
Peripheral Neuropathy of the dorsal column tracts
Water soluble

A

Vitamin B 12 cyanocobalamin

92
Q 
Scurvy
Ecchymoses
Bleeding gums
Petechiae 
Water soluble
A

Vitamin C

93
Q

Rickets in children
Hypercalcemia
Polyuria
Polydipsia

A

Vitamin D

94
Q

Increased PT/INR
Mild to severe bleeding
Analogous to warfarin

A

Vitamin K

95
Q

Teenage girl presents with delayed puberty and incidentally found to have an elevated BP

A

17-a-hydroxylase def CAH

96
Q

Treat with Vitamin D and calcium supplements

A

Rickets

97
Q

Intermittent abdominal pain
Irritability
Peripheral Neuropathy
Learning disability and behavioral problem
Intervention is needed of the value is >10mcg/dL

A

Lead poisoning

98
Q

Inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood Schlatter Dx

99
Q

Young child with repeated fractures caused by fragile bones, blue sclera, and early deafness

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

100
Q

Pavlik harness

A

Treatment for congenital hip dysphasia

101
Q

Treatment for neonatal sepsis

A

Ampicillin and gentamicin

102
Q

GBS
E. Coli
Listeria

A

Early causes of neonatal sepsis

103
Q

Staphylococci
E.coli
GBS

A

Late causes of neonatal sepsis

104
Q

Best initial test for toxoplasmosis

A

Elevated IgM

105
Q

Most accurate test for Toxoplasmosis

A

PCR

106
Q

Best initial test for syphilis

A

VDRL/RPR

107
Q

Most accurate test for syphilis

A

FTA ABS or dark field microscopy

108
Q

Best initial test for Rubella

A

Maternal IgM

109
Q

Best initial test for CMV

A

Urine or saliva viral titers

110
Q

Most accurate test for CMV

A

Urine or saliva PCR for viral DNA

111
Q

Diagnosis: acute hip pain with limited ROM in obese 12-year-old

A

SCFE

112
Q

SCFE has what main complication if not treated properly?

A

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

113
Q

How is SCFE diagnosed?

A

Hip XR

Controversial: frog-leg position

114
Q

How is SCFE managed?

A 
Non weight-bearing
Internal fixation (pinning)

(Even with appropriate treatment patients may develop AVN, osteoarthritis)

Step 2 CK (6 decks)

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