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SHELF > PEDS > Flashcards

PEDS Flashcards

1
Q

anaphylaxis+ transfusion+minor+ history of GI infections

A

IgA deficiency

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2
Q

live vaccine

A

MMR, intranasal influenza, varicella, rotavirus

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3
Q

HSV

A

“cold sore”

vesicle on erythematous base

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4
Q

Varicella zoster

A

early: chicken pox
reactivated: shingles
- painful vesicles on erythematous base in dermatome distribution

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5
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

KUB show dilated proximal and normal distal colon

contrast enema for transition point

rectal sunction bx to confirm dx with absence of ganglia

resect distal colon

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6
Q

asthma exacerbation

A 
oxygen 
albuterol 
ipratropium 
dex 
mag 
if acidotic after that => INTUBATE!!!
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7
Q

VSD

A

LSB holosytolic murmur
echo (for sizing)
reassurance until 1 yo
after 1 yo surgery if size and s/s

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8
Q

bacterial sinusitis

A

dx based off s/s

tx augmentin

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9
Q

SCFE

A

fat kid +growth spurt+ knee pain

dx- x ray

always check contra side

tx- bed rest,, surgical stabilization

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10
Q

Legg Calve Perthes

A 
ichemia and osteonec of femoral head 
~6 yo 
insidious onset of limp 
dx- x ray
tx- casting and non-weight bearing
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11
Q

imperforate anus

A

cross table imaging at 24hrs

distances <1cm uncomplicated

VACTERL eval

echo + NG: for TE fistula and cardiac anomalies

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12
Q

meconium ileus

A
  • ground glass appearance of stool on X-ray
    1) GI decompression
    2) contrast enema (dx and tx)
  • associated w/ CF
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13
Q

Intussusception

A 
often preceded by GI bug 
get colicky abdominal pain
currant jelly stools 
dx= abdominal US 
dx/Tx= air enema

IF progresses to constant abdominal pain with systemic s/s

  • bowel ischemic
  • tx= laparoscopy
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14
Q

Omphalocele

A

shiny, thin, membranous sac at base of umbilical cord

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15
Q

Exstrophy of bladder

A

moist, red, mucosal membrane below umbilicus and midline

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16
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

A 
ppx= topical erythromycin 
active= IV/IM ceftriaxone

common on day 2-7
purulent
bilateral

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17
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

active= erythromycin po

common on days 5-14
watery discharge
unilateral in beginning

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18
Q

High risk BRUEs

A

under 2 months
less than 4 weeks post conceptional
multiple episodes (* >1minute)

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19
Q

choanal atresia

A

persistence of membrane in nasopharynx obstructing blood flow

unilateral, less severe => s/s during URI or feeding

dx= pass catheter through nose to see if it comes out oropharynx
aka fiber optic eval of nasopharynx

tx= surgery

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20
Q

Breast milk vs breast feeding jaundice

A 
Breast MILK
- normal feeding 
- BM 
- staying hydrated aka wet diapers 
\++therefore defect in mom's milk 
\++quality an issue

Breast FEEDING
- poor feeding
- decreased stooling
++quantity an issue

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21
Q

Absence seizure

A 
LOC w/o post-ictal or loss of motor 
does not recall event 
disrupted school performance 
blinking 
tx= ethosuximide
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22
Q

Scoliosis work up

A 
Adam's forward bend test (screen) 
Back x-ray (confirm) 
back braces (treatment)
surgical referral (treatment)
PFTs (if pt s/s or severe disease)
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23
Q

Tetanus

A 
\+bind to pre-S in NMJ 
spastic paralysis 
lockjaw (cannot swallow) 
consider intubation and sedation to protect airway 
tx= tetanus vaccine and tetanus IVIG
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24
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

olive mass
projectile NBNB vomiting
hypoK, hypoCl, alkalosis
tx= pyloromyotomy

25
Q

apnea of prematurity

A

neonates < 35 weeks
true apnea >/= 20 seconds
correlate to drop in O2 and brady
tx= caffeine and/or NIPPV

26
Q

Infleunza vaccine

A 
IIV= inactivated 
LAIV= live intranasal 
RIV= zero egg, for >18yo
27
Q

Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis

A

aka mongolian spot
** Latin American and East Asian population
uncomplicated birth, growing healthy baby not raised ~ bruising

28
Q

Foreign body ingestion

A

wheezing, drooling
dx/tx= rigid bronchoscopy
Coin Sign
- visible on lateral not AP xray

29
Q

Down syndrome

A

holosystolic murmur at LSB= VSD

upslanting palpebral fissure

single transverse palmar crease

duodenal atresia

early onset Alzheimer’s

low IQ

rare= endocardial cushion defect (ASD+VSD)

30
Q

peritonsillar abscess

A

I&D + Abx

- coverage for staph, GAS, and anaerobes

31
Q

Reye syndrome

A

aspirin => hepatic dysfunction

- encephalopathy (NH3 mediated)

32
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

boneCA+shaft+child
**onion skinning w/ lytic appearance+ periosteal elevation
t(11;22)
fever, leukocytosis, anemia, elevated ESR, long bone pain

33
Q

sickle cell required vaccinations

A

pts aslpenic therefore at risk for infection by capsulated organism

  • Strep pneumo (protected by conjugated capsular polysaccharide vaccine)
  • typeable H. flu
34
Q

sickle cell treatment

A

hydroxyurea= induced fetal Hb, reduce severity and frequency of crises

35
Q

diurnal enuresis

A

fistual or
low implantation of ureter
- continuous leakage
- pt retains urge to void and can void on her own control

or normal for upto 4yo

36
Q

Osteosarcome

A

**sunburst pattern

associated with Rb

bone destruction
> elevated alkaline phosphatase and LDH

ABSENCE of fever, night sweats, or leukocytosis (more common with Ewing sarcoma)

37
Q

Neiserria meningitis

A

C5-9 deficiency @risk no matter the immunization status

38
Q

CF

A 
recurrent URI due to impaired mucociliary ladder but
low height and growth 
nasal polyps 
hypoxemic 
clubbing
39
Q

sickle cell blood smear

A

Howell Jolly bodies= premature RBC w/ nucleus b/c spleen not functioning
Sickled cells=

40
Q

acute chest syndrome

A

when sickle cell patients start having severe s/s i.e. vaso-occlusive crisis

tx= treat underlying infection
return Hb back to base (may require exchange transfusion)
oxygenate
treat pain

41
Q

tuberous sclerosis

A

febrile seizure that fails to remit
- Ash-leaf lesion on back
- CT= tubers, small benign tumors that can occur in multiple organ systems
Sequelae is sebaceous adenoma, angiofibroma of face, mental retardation, seizures

42
Q

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

A
  • narrowing of ureter
    S/s= pain esp with diuresis (triggered by caffeine and EtOH)
    **infants and teens
    dx- in infants voiding cystourethrogram in teens renal US
43
Q

parainfluenza

A

aka croup
- viral prodrome > inspiratory stridor +seal like barking cough

tx= racemic epi +dexa

44
Q

epidural hematoma

A

unconscious for a period
lucid interval
lens shaped hematoma
**MMA from trauma

45
Q

lyme disease

A

CT
erythema migrans
adults tx= doxy
pediatric tx= amoxicillin

46
Q

TOF

A

cyanotic heart

diagnosis few months after birth

47
Q

TOGA

A

diagnosed at birth
cyanotic heart

endomethacin ends the ductus

prostaglandins prolong ducts aka support life

48
Q

seizures

A

complex= alteration in mentation
simple= no AMS
partial=focal
generalized= tonic-clonic full-body involvement

49
Q

cryptoorchidism

A

wait 6 mo to see if it spontaneously descends
- if not tack it down= orchiopexy
be down by 6-18 months
risk of testicular ca (treated or untreated)

50
Q

Tetanus

A

if 3 lifetime doses of tetanus received, no Ig

clean wound + tetanus in last 10 years= no booster

dirty wound+ tetanus in last 5 years= no booster

clean wound+ tetanus >10yrs= give booster

dirty wound+ tetanus in >5yrs= give booster

51
Q

EBV

A 
aka mono 
cervical LAD 
pharyngitis 
splenomegaly 
***rash if any penicillin used
52
Q

BPD

A

surfactant allows for most clinical improvement

+Tx= steroids, mechanical ventilation

53
Q

scabies

A

pruritic rash

no response to topical diphenhydramine or aloe

    • between webs of fingers
    • axilla
    • elbow

tx= permethrin cream abs strict hand hygiene

54
Q

Newborn hip problems

A

developmental dysplasia of hip
- clicky or clunky hip
@ risk= FH, oligo, breech
- repeat US at 4-6 weeks

55
Q

LAD

A

recurrent skin infections
non-purulent drainage
nitro blue+ (oxidative burst present)
+leukocytes burst but cannot get where they want to

56
Q

CGD

A

nitro blue NEG
purulent drainage
+ leukocytes can get where they need to go but cannot burst

57
Q

Chediak Higashi

A

neutropenia

albinism

58
Q

TB

A

IGRA recommended only for >/=5 yo

TST= still valid for interpretation

59
Q

PDA

A

machine like murmur

non-cyanotic lesion

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