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ICM > PEDS > Flashcards

PEDS Flashcards

1
Q

first eruption (central mandibular incisors)

A

6-10 mo

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2
Q

critical ages for developmental screening:

A

9, 18, and 30 mos

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3
Q

autism-specific screening should occur

A

at the 18-month visit

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4
Q

Bed-wetting is normal up to age …

Bowel control is achieved by

A

4 in girls and age 5 in boys.

age 4.

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5
Q

Enuresis (Bed-wetting)

A

twice a week for 3 months

in children 5

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6
Q

Encopresis

A

each month for 3 months

in children 4

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7
Q

if <2 yo, measure length with the child in ..

A

supine

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8
Q

Weight for length measures

A

adiposity

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9
Q

Head circumference is routinely measured during

A

the first 24 mos of life

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10
Q

Small for gestational age (SGA)

A
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11
Q

Appropriate for gestational age (AGA)

A

P10 to P90

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12
Q

Large for gestational age (LGA)

A

P90

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13
Q

Mortality rates are highest for

A

preterm SGA and preterm AGA infants

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14
Q

Mortality rates are lowest for

A

for term AGA infants

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15
Q

Symmetrical SGA (Weight, length and HC all < P10) causes

A

Chromosomal abnormality
Maternal drug oralcohol use
Congenital viral infections

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16
Q

Asymmetrical SGA (Only weight < P10) causes:

A

Gestational hypertension

Placental insufficiency

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17
Q

The prognosis for normal growth and development is better in asymmetric or symmetric SGA infants.

A

asymmetric

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18
Q

SGA complications (name at least 3)

A
  • Hypoglycemia (smaller glycogen stores)
  • Polycythemia - compensatory
  • Hypothermia

Hypoxia, perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, hypocalcemia

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19
Q

LGA complications (name at least 3)

A

Birth trauma
Hip subluxation
Talipes calcaneovalgus - foot excessively dorsiflexed

Low blood sugar

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20
Q

Normal heart rate infant:

Irregularly irregular rhythm:

A

120- 160 beats/min

premature atrial contractions

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21
Q

Normal resp rate:

A

30 – 60 breaths/min

Diaphragmatic breathing is predominant in infancy and early childhood

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22
Q

Acrocyanosis and Cutis marmorata are common in

A

premature bbies, Down syndrome, hypothyroidism

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23
Q

Milia

A

Tiny epidermal cysts filled with keratinous material

1- to 2-mm white papules

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24
Q

Neonatal acne

A

Inflammatory papules and pustules

occurs between 2 and 4 weeks of age

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25
Q

Erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN)

A

Blotchy, erythematous macules 2–3 cm that develops yellowish-whitish pustules
Onset: 24-48 hours of life
numerous eosinophils

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26
Q

Mongolian spots (congenital dermal melanocytosis)

A

blue-gray patches - LUMBAR SACRAL REGION- BACK OR ARM

most fade by age 2

27
Q

Physiologic jaundice Clinical features

A

Visible after 24 h of age

Visible jaundice resolves by 1 wk in the full term infant, by 2 wk in the preterm

↓UDPGT activity

28
Q

Pathologic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A 
Visible before 24 h of age
Pathophysiology: 
-Overproduction of bilirubin: Hemolytic/ Nonhemolytic causes
-Decreased conjugation of bilirubin
-Unknown or multiple factors
29
Q

Hemolytic: ↑reticulocyte count

A

ABO blood group incompatibility
G6PD deficiency
Sepsis

30
Q

Non-hemolytic: normal reticulocyte count

A

↑↑enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin: bowel obstruction, functional ileus
Breast-feeding–associated jaundice

31
Q

Decreased conjugation of bilirubin are seen in (3)

A

Criggler-Najjar syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, hypothyroidism

32
Q

Unknown or multiple factors

A

Breastmilk jaundice

Breastfeeding-associated jaundice - the lack of milk jaundice (dehydrated)

33
Q

Upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds; midface hypoplasia;

A

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

34
Q

Lymphedema (swollen hands and feet)
Coarctation of the aorta and GU malformations
Webbed neck in picture

A

Turner syndrome

35
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Limited to the surface of one cranial bone

36
Q

Caput succedaneum

A

Crosses suture lines

37
Q

maternal folate intake of 0.4 mg preconception and 1st 3 mos of pregnancy prevents

A

Encephalocele (Scalp mass)

38
Q

Posterior fontanelle closes in

A

Closed by 2 mo

39
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

13.8 mos

40
Q

Anterior fontanelle Open, bulging:

A

↑ICP or intracranial tumors

41
Q

Early closure of Anterior fontanelle with ↑ICP produces

A

Macewen’s sign (a ‘cracked-pot’ sound; dull, lacking resonance) on percussion

42
Q

Anterior fontanelle Large size or delayed closure is bc of

A

achondroplasia, hypothyroidism, Down syndrome, ↑ICP, and rickets

43
Q

Anterior fontanelle Open, sunken:

A

dehydration

44
Q

Congenital Horner Syndrome (4)

A

Anisocoria
Ptosis
Heterochromia-
Anhidrosis

45
Q

Dacryostenosis (4)

dx?

A

Epiphora
Mucoid discharge
Eyelash matting
Eyelid erythema

Diagnosis: Reflux of salin/fluoresceindye

46
Q

Choanal atresia (Uni/bilateral)

A

tongue moves up to palate and blocks oral airway - when blocked with nasal airway - accessory muscles will be in use and will be in cyanosis
When baby cry it resolves

47
Q

Pierre Robin syndrome

A
  • small mandible and retraction of the tongue with cleft palate
  • respiratory difficulty
48
Q

midline mass:

A

thyroglossal duct cysts

49
Q

mass anterior to the SCM:

A

branchial cleft cyst

50
Q

mass within the SCM:

A

hematoma, torticollis

51
Q

mass posterior to the SCM:

A

cystic hygroma

52
Q

PMI in babies is located

A

1 interspace higher than in adults

53
Q
  • soft, systolic; upper left sternal border, lung fields, axillae
A

Pulmonary flow murmur (innocent ?)

54
Q

Galeazzi or Allis sign:

A

unequal upper leg length or knee levels

different height of knees +

55
Q

Ortolani-Barlow sign

A

(+) Ortolani sign: palpable movement of the femoral head into the acetabulum in hip dysplasia (hip ‘clunk’)

(+) Barlow sign: palpable movement of the femoral head out onto the posterior lip of the acetabulum

56
Q

Red flags of dysplasia of the hip

A

Limited hip abduction (< 60⁰)
Positive Ortolani test
Dislocated hip

57
Q

“Hang on for life” reflex—abduct/extend arms when startled, and then draw together

A

Moro (3mo)

58
Q

Movement of head toward one side if cheek or mouth is stroked (nipple seeking)

A

Rooting less seen after 1mo

59
Q

Movement of head toward one side if cheek or mouth is stroked (nipple seeking)

A

Rooting - less seen after 1mo

60
Q

Curling of fingers if palm is stroked

A

Palmar 4mo

61
Q

Dorsiflexion of large toe and fanning of other toes with plantar stimulation

A

Plantar 8mo

62
Q

Stroking along one side of the spine while newborn is in ventral suspension (face down) causes lateral flexion of lower body toward stimulated side

A

Galant 2mo

63
Q

undescended testes in scrotal sac after age 1

A

abnormal

64
Q

Sphenoid sinuses present by age

A

8

ICM (6 decks)

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