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Peds exam 3 > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Prevention of STIs

A

Condom only method to prevent & abstinence

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2
Q

HPV cause

A

Genital warts

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3
Q

What can HPV lead to

A

Cervical cancer, cervical hyperplasia

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4
Q

HPV symptoms

A

Might be cervicitis

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5
Q

HPV treatment

A

Cryotherapy: biopsy area first of squamous cells and if cancerous burn it off
Ablation
Vaccine

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6
Q

Chlamydia cause

A

Bacterium chlamydia trachomatis

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7
Q

Chlamydia symptoms

A

Asymptotic

Sometimes in men meatal erythema, tenderness, itching, dysuria, urethral drainage

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8
Q

Chlamydia treatment

A

Antibiotics

Azithromycin, doxycycline

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9
Q

Chlamydia sequelae if untreated

A

Urethritis in men
Cervicitis in women
Scarring of Fallopian tubes/ovaries increases risk of future ectopic pregnancy and tubal infertility

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10
Q

Gonorrhea cause

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

Bacteria gram neg

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11
Q

Gonorrhea symptoms

A

Urethritis in men, cervicitis In women.

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12
Q

Gonorrhea sequelea if untreated

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic

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13
Q

BMI purpose

A

Strictest association with obesity and subQ fat

Best way to get consistent measure to view over time to see if BMI is increasing (consistent measure over time)

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14
Q

Methods of suicide

A

Most common method of suicide that’s successful is firearms

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15
Q

LGBT challenges coming out

A

Peer isolation, acceptance from parents!

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16
Q

Things to say to LGBT

A 
Who can you talk to
How does it make you feel
Have you talked to your parents 
Do you know someone that has the same feelings as you that you can talk to
Biggest risk: suicide
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17
Q

If someone wants to vomit suicide

A

Do you have a plan

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18
Q

UTI risk

A

Female (short urethra)
Urinary stasis! - holding in pee
Uncircumcised male

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19
Q

UTI causes

A

Escherichia coli most common pathogen; streptococci, staphylococcus, saprophyticus, occasionally fungal and parasitic pathogens

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20
Q

UTI symptoms

A

Chills, nocturia, anotexia, frequency, urgency, suprapubic or lower back pain, bladder spasms, dysuria, burning in urination, sometimes with kids just fever or onset of enuresis or tummy ache

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21
Q

Normal ph urine

A

5-9

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22
Q

Normal specific gravity urine

A

1.001-1.035

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23
Q

Normal protein urine

A

<20mg/dl

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24
Q

Substance abuse causes

A

Maladaptive coping, stress, fit in, dad, anxiety, fear, depressed,

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25
Q

Substance abuse risk factors

A

Hx of maltreatment, genetic inheritance, family hx of drug abuse,

26
Q

Most abused substances

A

Alcohol, narcotics, CNS stimulants

27
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Kidney infection

28
Q

Pyelonephroitis causes

A

Caused by bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, or viruses infecting kidneys

29
Q

Risk for pyelonephritis

A

Dehydration!

VUR causes construction and backflow to renal area

30
Q

Pyelonephritis hospitalization

A

Monitor for edema, fluid balance, check BP frequently monitor output

31
Q

Most common cause of acute renal failure in children

A

Dehydration

Kidneys in children are more mobile and outer borders are less protected

32
Q

Glomeluralnephritis

A

Inflammation of glomelural

Present worth puffy faces and eyes- monitor edema (Daily weights) check BP to make sure kidneys don’t get over reactive

33
Q

Assess resp status in child

A

Visually assess retractions (superclavicular, supersternal, intercostal) the higher they are the worse it is, RR, accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, rate and rhythm

34
Q

Ear infections symptoms

A

Irritability, pain, tugging ear, yellow-whitish drainage, poor appetite, vomiting, trouble sleeping,fever

35
Q

Risk for OM/ear infection

A

Prop bottle (milk goes to ear- canal is horizontal milk doesn’t drain), bottle fed, smoking in home, crowded living

36
Q

Ear infection treatment

A

> 6 mo: watchful waiting up to 72 hr for spontaneous resolution if not better antibiotics
< 6 mo: always antibiotics instruct parents to take full corse of meds, topical heat or cold or benzocaine drops

37
Q

Step risk if untreated

A

Acute rheumatic fever- bacteria causes damage to heart valves
Maybe acutely glomerulonephritis

38
Q

Tonsillectomy post op care

A

Promote comfort, minimize activities that promote bleeding- coughing, clearing threat, blowing nose, drinking through straw, red liquids
Rare but post op hemorrhage may occur, re-cauterize site if bleeding occurs

39
Q

Tonsillectomy sings of compilations

A

Continuous swallowing= bleeding

40
Q

Tonsillectomy pain control

A

Ice collar

41
Q

Infectious mono symptoms

A

Swollen glands, sore throat, fever, Fatigue!, headache, swollen spleen, antbx for strep and not better

42
Q

Mono

A

Confused with step a lot and may get rash

Reaction with PNC need amoxicillin

43
Q

Croup

A

Barking seal like cough, inspiratory strider,
Organisms responsible: RSV, parainfluenza virus, myocoplasma pneumonia, influenza A &B
Generally affects child <5yr

44
Q

Mild croup treatment

A

If mild can be managed at home; adequate hydration, comfort measures, 2nd or 3rd night bad, URI management, cool mist, Tylenol or ibuprofen for comfort
No antbx, viral

45
Q

Bronchiolitis cause

A

RSV

46
Q

Pneumonia nursing care

A

Manage fever, comfort measures, fluids, antbx if appropriate

47
Q

Foreign bodies symptoms

A

Choking, coughing, gagging, dyspnea, stridor,

Nasal: unilateral discharge foul smelling, frequent sneezing,

48
Q

Foreign body risks

A

Airway obstruction, perforation, acid burns, esophageal erosion

49
Q

Foreign body treatment

A

Abdominal thrust, teaching for child safety

50
Q

Asthma symptoms

A

SOB, coughing, exploratory wheezing, irritability, gets tired easily, chest tightness, cough a lot at night

51
Q

Asthma patho

A

Bronchial hyperrponsiveness = heightened airway reactivity which triggers inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli
Limited airflow or obstruction

52
Q

Asthma treatment

A

Long control meds: inhaled corticosteroids (Flovent), long acting beta2 agonist (symbicort, advair) and Leukotriene modifiers (singulair)
Emergency/quick relief: short acting beta 2 agonist (albuterol, xopenex) systemic corticosteroids

53
Q

Cystic fibrosis symptoms

A

Earliest clinical manifestation is Meconium ileus, abdominal distention, vomiting, failure to pass stools, rapid development of dehydration, foul smelling stools, poor weight gain: growth, intestinal blockage, greasy stools, repeated lung infections, stuffy nose
Increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions

54
Q

CF patho

A

Cells that produce mucous, sweat, and digestive juices normally are thin and slippery; with CF brome thick and sticky. Instead of lubricant, fluids plug up airways lead to blockage and recital prolapse. Mechanical obstruction of airways. Mucous glands produce thick mucoprotein that accumulates and results in dilation

55
Q

Chronic constipation initial treatment

A

Clean them out- enema

Manage stress, may use miralax to relieve body of stool and keep them going, increase water and fiber

56
Q

Hirschprung’s disease

A

Mechanical obstruction from inadequate motility of intestine
Absence of ganglion cells
Failure of internal sphincter to relax
Stool accumulated in sigmoid colon

57
Q

Gastroesophogael reflux nursing recommendations

A

Avoid offending foods- spicy, high fat foods; weight loss may help (volume can trigger GER), thicknening feedings, upright position, sleep supine,

58
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome nurse considerations

A

Cause if recurrent abdominal pain in children. Alternating diarrhea and constipation, gas, bloating, abdominal distention. Many appear to active, healthy, and normal growth. Symptoms must be present at least 3 mo.
Manage stress and recognize triggers

59
Q

Acute appendicitis presentation

A

Curled up, guarding, first symptom periumbilical pain followed by nausea, RLQ pain, vomiting, fever, rebound tenderness
McBurney’s point; located 2/3 along line of umbilicus and internal iliac spine most common point of tenderness
Perforation can occur within 48hr of initial complain of pain

60
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Entire GI tract

Severe diarrhea, extreme abdominal pain, anorexia, growth retardation, rashes, joint pain

61
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Limited to colon and rectum

Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, rashes, joint pain

62
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping or invagination of one portion of intestine into another. Intestine goes in one itself
Presentation- currant jelly stools caused from leaking blood and mucous into intestinal lumen
Abdominal pain, abdominal mass, blood stool

Peds exam 3 (2 decks)

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