Pedretti Ch. 2 - History Flashcards
Moral treatment
Main features include a respect for human individuality, acceptance of the unity of body and mind, and belief that using daily routine and occupation could lead to recovery
Arts and Crafts
The approach is based on the belief that craftwork improved physical and mental health through the exercise and satisfaction gained from creating things by hand
In early years, OTs worked with patients through three stages of recovery:
- Convalescence – patients would engage in bedside occupations (mainly handicrafts) such as basket weaving and embroidery
- Once able to get out of bed – engagement in occupations designed to strengthen body and mind such as gardening (as well as self-care occupations)
- When almost ready to return to community – occupations that prepare them for vocational success such as carpentry or painting
Scientific Management
Proposed that rationality, efficiency, and systematic observation could be applied to all areas of life
The scientific management ideology also emphasized efficiency and a mechanistic approach to medical care
Assumed that doctors had the most knowledge and should be at the top of the hierarchy
Disability Rights/Independent Living Movements
The movement was rooted in self-advocacy and the ideas underlying the disability rights movement were based on a social rather than medical model
The medical model had provided the predominant view of disability for most of the 20th century and placed the medical professional at the center of the rehab process and the patient on the periphery. It categorized individuals according to their medical disability and saw remediation as the way to eradicate the disability
The social model proposed that disability was created because of environmental factors (such as physical boundaries, social views, and political/legal interpretations such as “separate but equal”) that prevented individuals from being fully functional members of society
Social model argued that disability must be view from a cultural, political, and social lens rather than a biomedical lens
OT was founded on two conflicting paradigms:
Humanistic and scientific
Unintended Consequences of the Rehabilitation Model
The rehabilitation model had the unintended consequence of devaluing a disabled person and placing the focus on remediation of the disability rather than the social, political, and economic barriers that contribute to it
