Pedigree Genotype Analysis

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Alternate form of a trait

Question 2

Genetic Marker

Answer 2

A gene or DNA sequence with a know location on the c/some that could be used to identify a species or individuals

Question 3

Linkage

Answer 3

Genetic linkage is the tendency of two alleles that are close together on a c/some to be inherited together during the meiosis stage of reproduction

Question 4

Haplotype

Answer 4

A set of determinants located on a single chromosome

Question 5

Substitution

Answer 5

Exchanges one base base for another, causing a change in the codon which changes the protein produced unless redundancy plays a factor

Question 6

Deletion

Answer 6

Part of a c/some or DNA sequence is lost through the replication process. Which results in a change of protein

Question 7

Inversion

Answer 7

A c/some rearrangement in which a segment of the c/some is reversed - end to end.
An inversion occurs when a single c/some undergoes a breakage and rearrangement within itself.

Question 8

Translocation

Answer 8

A c/some abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between non homologous chromosomes

Question 9

Mutation rates

Answer 9

Different genes, different mutation rates.
Factors are: Differences in gene size and susceptibility of particular genes to various mutagenic mechanisms.

Average mutation rate in gamete-producing eukaryotes is higher than that of prokaryotes

Cell division takes place between the zygote formation and meiosis in germ cells. which allows a better chance to accumulate mutations.

Question 10

Mutation Rate x 2

Answer 10

Human sperm have a higher mutation rate than human eggs
Most mutations don’t influence phenotype

Mutation rate in male germ cells is high because the cells are constanlty