Pediatrics - Random things to remember Flashcards
When is the BCG vaccine given?
Around birth
When is the hepatitis B1 vaccine given?
12 years of age
When is the H. influenzae B vaccine given?
2, 3, 4, 18 months
When is the Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP) + Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) vaccine given?
2, 3, 4, 18 months + 6 years
When is the Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13) vaccine given?
2, 4, 12 months
When is the MMR vaccine given?
15 months, 12 years
When is the HPV vaccine given?
12, 13 year old - only mandatory in females
What two vaccines are not mandatory but especially recommended?
Varicella and Hepatitis A
Which of the major vaccines are live attenuated?
Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Polio (Sabin)
Which of the major vaccines are inactivated viruses?
Polio (Salk), Hepatitis B, Influenza
Which of the major vaccines are inactivated bacteria or toxoid?
Pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, H influenza type B, Pneumococcus
Antipyretics: what is the dose and max dose of paracetamol?
10-15 mg/kg, 4x/day, max 1 g/dose
Antipyretics: what is the dose and max dose of ibuprofen?
10 mg/kg, 3-4x/day, max 600 mg/dose
Approximate respiratory rates: neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older
neonate: 30-40
1-5 y/o: 25
6-14 y/o: 15-20
adult: 12-20
Approximate heart rates: neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older
neonate: 130
1-5 y/o: 100
6-14 y/o: 80-100
adult: 60-80
Minimum normal systolic blood pressure (mmHg): neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older
neonate: 60
1-5 y/o: 70 + 2 x age
6-14 y/o: 70 + 2 x age
adult: 90
How many days for antibiotic treatment for cystitis versus pyelonephritis?
Cystitis: 3-5 days; pyelonephritis: 10-15 days
How much volume is given in a pediatric emergency fluid bolus?
20 mL/kg
How much epinephrine is given in a pediatric CPR?
0,1 mL/kg from a 1:10000 solution
How many joules are given in a pediatric defibrillation?
And for cardioversion?
Defibrillation: 4 J /kg
Cardioversion: 1-2 J / kg
How is mid-parental height calculated? (different for boy vs girl)
For a boy: [ mom’s height + dad’s height + 13 ] / 2
For a girl: [ mom’s height + dad’s height - 13 ] / 2
When is the dried blood spot test taken?
48-72 hours after feeding has begun
tests metabolic diseases: PKU, galactosemia, etc
First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: what type of fluid and how much should be given, and at what rate?
Normal saline 10-20 mL/kg in 1 hour
First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: how much insulin should be given, and at what rate?
0,05 - 0,1 units / kg / hour
First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: When can you begin to give potassium?
Potassium is able to be given after the patient pees from the fluid given (that’s what they said in seminar; I imagine you’d want to check their serum potassium first though)
First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: at what rate should blood glucose level be lowered?
2 - 3 mmol/hour maximum
If it’s dropping faster than this, just add glucose along with the insulin that’s being infused
What are the 4 T’s of diagnosis for DKA?
Toilet (polyuria), Thirst (polydipsia), Tired (hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis), Thinner (lose weight)
When a child is diagnosed with type I DM, what other diseases should be checked for?
JIA, Celiac, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (overlapping autoimmune diseases)
What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for patients between 1-10 kg
100 ml / kg / day
What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for 11-20 kilogram patients?
1000 mL + 50 ml / kg / day
What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for each additional kilogram in patients > 20 kg?
1500 mL + 20 ml / kg / day
Basics of developmental stages (easy version taught in practical) for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months
3 months: turning
6 months: sitting
9 months: standing
12 months: first steps
3 most important vitamins / supplementation in infancy
- Vitamin K: IM injection at birth; periodic supplementation for breast-feeding babies
- Vitamin D: for all babies
- Iron: stores and breast milk are enough for maybe 6 months, begin supplementing some after that. Premature babies need iron after birth.
how to estimate the weight of an infant?
For Infants < 12 months: Weight (kg) = (age in months + 9)/2
estimate the weight of a child 1-5 years old
For Children aged 1-5 years: Weight (kg) = 2 x (age in years + 5)
estimate weight of a child 5-14 years old?
For Children aged 5-14 years: Weight (kg) = 4 x age in years
what are the cut off values of hemoglobin to diagnose anemia of: <3 mo 3 mo - 5 years 5 - 14 y adult woman adult man
<3 mo - <10 g/dL 3 mo - 5 years - <11 g/dL 5 - 14 y - <12 adult woman - <12 adult man - <13
How many calories should infants consume daily, per kg?
120 kcal/kg/day
Breast milk contains how many calories per 100 mL
60-70 calories per 100 mL
How many times a day should an infant breastfeed in the first 4 months of life?
8 times/day
Less than 36 months: fever temp and location
rectal temp > 38 °C
> 36 months: fever temp and location
oral temperature > 37.8 °C (oral temp is 0.6 degrees less than core/rectal temp)
When do the first teeth come in?
About 6 months
Which fontanelle(s) are palpable in a newborn?
Anterior for about 18 months max; some have posterior for about 3 months
When does the spinal curvature begin to form?
About 1 year old
At what age does the liver normally stop being palpable? and the spleen?
Liver within about 3 years; spleen in 1 year
Up til what age can the testicles be freely movable in the scrotum?
1 year. Need surgery after that
What age is normal to begin and end puberty in girls vs boys?
Girls: 8-13
Boys: 9-14
What is the first sign of puberty in boys? and in girls?
boys: testicles grow
girls: breast budding
What is a normal capillary refill time in pediatrics?
< 2 seconds
Where do you check skin turgor on a newborn infant, a child, and an adolescent?
Infant: belly
Child: thigh
Adolescent: arm
Normal cervical lymph nodes should be less than what size?
< 1 cm
How many teeth in a child versus adult?
20 baby teeth
32 adult teeth
How long should breastfeeding be performed, at minimum?
Minimum 6 months
Top 3 causes of cough
post-infectious nasal drip, asthma, reflux disease
