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Scratch > Pediatrics - Random things to remember > Flashcards

Pediatrics - Random things to remember Flashcards

1
Q

When is the BCG vaccine given?

A

Around birth

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2
Q

When is the hepatitis B1 vaccine given?

A

12 years of age

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3
Q

When is the H. influenzae B vaccine given?

A

2, 3, 4, 18 months

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4
Q

When is the Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP) + Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) vaccine given?

A

2, 3, 4, 18 months + 6 years

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5
Q

When is the Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13) vaccine given?

A

2, 4, 12 months

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6
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given?

A

15 months, 12 years

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7
Q

When is the HPV vaccine given?

A

12, 13 year old - only mandatory in females

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8
Q

What two vaccines are not mandatory but especially recommended?

A

Varicella and Hepatitis A

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9
Q

Which of the major vaccines are live attenuated?

A

Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Polio (Sabin)

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10
Q

Which of the major vaccines are inactivated viruses?

A

Polio (Salk), Hepatitis B, Influenza

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11
Q

Which of the major vaccines are inactivated bacteria or toxoid?

A

Pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, H influenza type B, Pneumococcus

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12
Q

Antipyretics: what is the dose and max dose of paracetamol?

A

10-15 mg/kg, 4x/day, max 1 g/dose

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13
Q

Antipyretics: what is the dose and max dose of ibuprofen?

A

10 mg/kg, 3-4x/day, max 600 mg/dose

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14
Q

Approximate respiratory rates: neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older

A

neonate: 30-40
1-5 y/o: 25
6-14 y/o: 15-20
adult: 12-20

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15
Q

Approximate heart rates: neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older

A

neonate: 130
1-5 y/o: 100
6-14 y/o: 80-100
adult: 60-80

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16
Q

Minimum normal systolic blood pressure (mmHg): neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older

A

neonate: 60
1-5 y/o: 70 + 2 x age
6-14 y/o: 70 + 2 x age
adult: 90

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17
Q

How many days for antibiotic treatment for cystitis versus pyelonephritis?

A

Cystitis: 3-5 days; pyelonephritis: 10-15 days

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18
Q

How much volume is given in a pediatric emergency fluid bolus?

A

20 mL/kg

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19
Q

How much epinephrine is given in a pediatric CPR?

A

0,1 mL/kg from a 1:10000 solution

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20
Q

How many joules are given in a pediatric defibrillation?

And for cardioversion?

A

Defibrillation: 4 J /kg
Cardioversion: 1-2 J / kg

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21
Q

How is mid-parental height calculated? (different for boy vs girl)

A

For a boy: [ mom’s height + dad’s height + 13 ] / 2

For a girl: [ mom’s height + dad’s height - 13 ] / 2

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22
Q

When is the dried blood spot test taken?

A

48-72 hours after feeding has begun

tests metabolic diseases: PKU, galactosemia, etc

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23
Q

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: what type of fluid and how much should be given, and at what rate?

A

Normal saline 10-20 mL/kg in 1 hour

24
Q

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: how much insulin should be given, and at what rate?

A

0,05 - 0,1 units / kg / hour

25
Q

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: When can you begin to give potassium?

A

Potassium is able to be given after the patient pees from the fluid given (that’s what they said in seminar; I imagine you’d want to check their serum potassium first though)

26
Q

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: at what rate should blood glucose level be lowered?

A

2 - 3 mmol/hour maximum

If it’s dropping faster than this, just add glucose along with the insulin that’s being infused

27
Q

What are the 4 T’s of diagnosis for DKA?

A

Toilet (polyuria), Thirst (polydipsia), Tired (hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis), Thinner (lose weight)

28
Q

When a child is diagnosed with type I DM, what other diseases should be checked for?

A

JIA, Celiac, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (overlapping autoimmune diseases)

29
Q

What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for patients between 1-10 kg

A

100 ml / kg / day

30
Q

What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for 11-20 kilogram patients?

A

1000 mL + 50 ml / kg / day

31
Q

What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for each additional kilogram in patients > 20 kg?

A

1500 mL + 20 ml / kg / day

32
Q

Basics of developmental stages (easy version taught in practical) for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months

A

3 months: turning
6 months: sitting
9 months: standing
12 months: first steps

33
Q

3 most important vitamins / supplementation in infancy

A
  • Vitamin K: IM injection at birth; periodic supplementation for breast-feeding babies
  • Vitamin D: for all babies
  • Iron: stores and breast milk are enough for maybe 6 months, begin supplementing some after that. Premature babies need iron after birth.
34
Q

how to estimate the weight of an infant?

A

For Infants < 12 months: Weight (kg) = (age in months + 9)/2

35
Q

estimate the weight of a child 1-5 years old

A

For Children aged 1-5 years: Weight (kg) = 2 x (age in years + 5)

36
Q

estimate weight of a child 5-14 years old?

A

For Children aged 5-14 years: Weight (kg) = 4 x age in years

37
Q 
what are the cut off values of hemoglobin to diagnose anemia of:
<3 mo
3 mo - 5 years
5 - 14 y
adult woman
adult man
A 
<3 mo - <10 g/dL
3 mo - 5 years - <11 g/dL
5 - 14 y - <12
adult woman - <12
adult man - <13
38
Q

How many calories should infants consume daily, per kg?

A

120 kcal/kg/day

39
Q

Breast milk contains how many calories per 100 mL

A

60-70 calories per 100 mL

40
Q

How many times a day should an infant breastfeed in the first 4 months of life?

A

8 times/day

41
Q

Less than 36 months: fever temp and location

A

rectal temp > 38 °C

42
Q

> 36 months: fever temp and location

A

oral temperature > 37.8 °C (oral temp is 0.6 degrees less than core/rectal temp)

43
Q

When do the first teeth come in?

A

About 6 months

44
Q

Which fontanelle(s) are palpable in a newborn?

A

Anterior for about 18 months max; some have posterior for about 3 months

45
Q

When does the spinal curvature begin to form?

A

About 1 year old

46
Q

At what age does the liver normally stop being palpable? and the spleen?

A

Liver within about 3 years; spleen in 1 year

47
Q

Up til what age can the testicles be freely movable in the scrotum?

A

1 year. Need surgery after that

48
Q

What age is normal to begin and end puberty in girls vs boys?

A

Girls: 8-13
Boys: 9-14

49
Q

What is the first sign of puberty in boys? and in girls?

A

boys: testicles grow
girls: breast budding

50
Q

What is a normal capillary refill time in pediatrics?

A

< 2 seconds

51
Q

Where do you check skin turgor on a newborn infant, a child, and an adolescent?

A

Infant: belly
Child: thigh
Adolescent: arm

52
Q

Normal cervical lymph nodes should be less than what size?

A

< 1 cm

53
Q

How many teeth in a child versus adult?

A

20 baby teeth

32 adult teeth

54
Q

How long should breastfeeding be performed, at minimum?

A

Minimum 6 months

55
Q

Top 3 causes of cough

A

post-infectious nasal drip, asthma, reflux disease

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