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Clinical Medicine III > Pediatrics Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Pediatrics Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

One to Two Year Milestones

Growth

A

physical decline

intellectual /emotional increase

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2
Q

One to Two Year Milestones

Personal Social

A

Imitation

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3
Q

One to Two Year Milestones

Language

A

2-3 word phrases

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4
Q

One to Two Year Milestones

Fine Motor

A

scribbles

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5
Q

One to Two Year Milestones

Gross Motor

A

walks well

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6
Q

One to Two Year Heart Rate

A

100 - 120

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7
Q

One to Two Year Respiratory Rate

A

20s - 30s

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8
Q

When does the anterior fontanel close?

A

9-18 months

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9
Q

ends of long bones

A

physis

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10
Q

Physis under compressive forces are

A

radiolucent

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11
Q

Children’s bones a relatively

A

weak

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12
Q

Children’s sprains are…

A

rare

growth plates are not closed

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13
Q

center of ossification at bony prominence; traction

A

apophysis

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14
Q

Children’s periosteums are…

A

thicker

stronger-quick callus

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15
Q

Children’s bones are _________ dense and _________ porous.

A

Less; More

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16
Q

How do you know when a females bones have “closed”?

A

All close within one year of menarche.

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17
Q

Kids’ bones____with compressive and tension force

A

fail

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18
Q

What is common near a fracture site?

A

Remodeling

Increases near physis

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19
Q

Fractures Unique to Kids

A

Buckle (torus)
Bow, bend or plastic deformation
Greenstick
Complete (also seen in adults)

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20
Q

Where to buckle fractures occur?

A

in porous metaphysis

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21
Q

How do buckle fractures occur?

A

compression forces to the longitudinal plane

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22
Q

What do buckle fractures lack?

A

echymosis

swelling

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23
Q

Are buckle fractures stable?

A

Yes!

Don’t displace

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24
Q

Where are buckle fractures often best seen on x-ray?

A

longitudinal view

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25
Q

Where are bow fractures usually seen?

A

ulna
fibula
radius

26
Q

How do bow fractures occur?

A

Elastic deformation with stress

if forces subside then no true fracture

27
Q

Is there hemorrhaging in bow fractures?

A

No

Limited swelling

28
Q

What occurs in the cortex in buckle fractures?

A

Cortex buckling or acute sharp angulation of cortex

Normally long bone ends flare out smoothly

29
Q

What side of the body do people usually fracture?

A

The non-dominant side

30
Q

What can be used to confirms bow fractures?

A

Comparison Views

31
Q

Angulation past bending limits yields

A

greenstick fracture

32
Q

How do greenstick fractures occur?

A

fracture on tension side as compression side bends

33
Q

What may be necessary to treat greenstick fractures?

A

completion of fracture

34
Q

Complete fractures rarely have

A

comminution

35
Q

Why should you be aware of unexplained spiral fractures?

A

child abuse

36
Q

When should you consider a growth plate fracture?

A

consider in any joint pain with swelling

37
Q

T or F : Not all types of Salter-Harris fractures can be displaced.

A

False!

All types can be displaced!

38
Q

What type of Salter-Harris fractures involve the physis?

A

Type I

39
Q

What Salter-Harris fracture is most common?

A

Type II

40
Q

Where do Type II Salter-Harris fractures occur?

A

into metaphysis

41
Q

What type of Salter-Harris fractures go into the epiphysis?

A

Type III

42
Q

Where to Type IV Salter Harris fractures occur?

A

thru metaphysis/epiphysis

43
Q

What happens in Type V Salter-Harris fracturs?

A

Crush Plate

in theory only

44
Q

How do clavicle fractures occur?

A

toddler lands on shoulder

45
Q

Where do greenstrick clavicle fractures occur?

A

occur mid-third area of the clavicle

46
Q

Treatment of clavicle fracturs

A

Comfort Measures
Sling - Ice - Meds
No Figure 8 splint!

47
Q

What are uncommon with clavicle fractures?

A

Humeral head fractures

48
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow is more common in…

A

girls

49
Q

Age nursemaid’s elbow commonly occur:

A

4 months - 7 years

50
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow peaks at

A

15 - 30 months

51
Q

Which arm is more likely to get nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Left

52
Q

What occurs in nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Annular ligament is torn/dislocated

53
Q

Presentation of nursemaid’s elbow

A

No swelling or echchymosis
Kids hold wrist
Cry elevates with supination

54
Q

What x-ray do you perform for nursemaid’s elbow?

A

None if H&P are consistent

55
Q

How do you treat the nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Shaking hand technique

Fully supinate then flex forearm

Opposite thumb-radial head

Will hear a snap and feel it pop back into place

Thumb up (hyperpronation to pronation)

56
Q

What should you warn the patient after reducing nursemaids elbows?

A

In the future walk holding the child’s forearm

57
Q

Mechanism of elbow fractures

A

Fall on a hyper-extended elbow

58
Q

Where is the pain in an elbow fracture?

A

Pain at the distal humerus with swelling.

59
Q

What do fat pads indicate?

A

effusion of blood or pus in the joint

60
Q

What should be noted in elbow fractures?

A

fat pads

angle of radial head

61
Q

What should you be aware of with supracondylar fractures?

A

compartment syndromes

Clinical Medicine III (1 decks)

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