Pediatrics Flash Cards - Case 1 - Eval of Neonate
Start prophylaxic antibiotics if baby was born __ hours after maternal ROM?
≥18 hrs
TABC of neonatal resuscitation?
Temp (warm and dry), Airway (suction and position head), Breathing (stimulate to cry), circulation (assess color/HR)
APGAR mnemonic?
Appearance (color) | Pulse (HR) | Grimace (reflex irritability) | Activity (tone) | Resp
TORCH stands for
Toxo; Other; (HIV, hepB, parvovirus, & syph); Rubella; CMV; HSV2
Blood glucose ref range for neonate?
> 45 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L) is normal for a newborn infant.
Contraindications to breastfeeding?
RARE: mom HIV+; active, untx’d TB; active mom drug abuse; infants w/ galactosemia.
Maternal benefits of breastfeeding?
decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer and osteoporosis.
Short-term benefits of breastfeeding for neonate?
↓ diarrhea, acute and recurrent otitis media, and UTIs
Long-term benefits of breastfeeding for infants?
↓ obesity, cancer, adult coronary artery disease, certain allergic conditions, DM1, and IBD; neurocognitive and motor development, too
Physical exam findings of CMV in neonate at birth?
microcephaly, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, low birth weight, and petechiae at birth
Test for CMV in neonate?
a + urine w/in the first three weeks = congenital CMV
Children present by six months of age with hepatomegaly, ataxia, seizures, and progressive neurologic degeneration. Fundoscopic exam reveals a “cherry-red” macula.
Nieman-Pick, lysomsomal storage disease, caused by defect in sphingomyelinase
Individuals present with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and metabolic acidosis.
A defect in glucose-6-phosphatase occurs in Von Gierke’s disease, a glycogen storage disease. Von Gierke’s disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern
Pts w/ cerebellar lesions tend to fall (towards/away from) the side of the lesion?
toward
Pts w/ cerebellar lesions tend to have nystagmus (towards/away from) the side of the lesion?
towards
which imagine modality is best at visualizing the posterior fossa?
MRI»_space; CT
Top four most common types of brain tumors in children?
Medulloblastoma (20%),; Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (20%); Lo-grade astrocytoma (15%); Hi-grade astrocytoma (7%)
Brainstem gliomas: Px and TX?
prognosis highly variable based on invasiveness; tx is surgicaly resection only
Ependymomas: presenting S/Sx, Px and Tx?
Grow near 4tyh ventricle so s/sx of hydrocephalus; 5-yr surv rate is %50; tx is resection then radiation
In which age groups are infratentorial vs. supratentorial tumors more common?
Supra (0-2 y/o) -> Infra (childhood) Supra -> (adolescents and adults)
Astrocytoma of the cerebellum: Px and Tx?
> 90% 5-yr if completely resected, less if partial; if complete resection, no rad needed; otherwise partially resectable and/or hi-grade neoplasms get surg + rad
All states screen neonates for which metabolic d/o?
PKU and congen hypothyroidism
Define microcephaly
Head circumference < 10th percentile for gestational age
Classic triad of s/sx for TORCH infections?
microcephaly, organomegaly, and rash; 90% of kiddos born w/ congen CMV have no s/sx, but “if present, are most likely to include signs involving the skin, CNS and hepatobiliary system (jaundice, chorioretinitis, hearing loss, intracranial calcifications)”
