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Pediatrics final > pediatrics final 2 > Flashcards

pediatrics final 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the B-symptoms in lymphoma?

A

Fever, night sweats, weight loss.

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2
Q

At what platelet count is there major risk of bleeding?

A

Below10-20 G/l

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3
Q

What to do in case of neutropenic fever?

A

Broad spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy after taking blood cultures.

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4
Q

What are the tumor markers of neuroblastoma?

A

Serum neuron specific enolase,

homovanillic acid in urine, vanillylmandelic acid

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5
Q

What are the serum electrolyte deviation in case of tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Elevated

potassium, phosphate and uric acid, decreased calcium.

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6
Q

What are the alarming signs of retinoblastoma? What examinations are required?

A

Strabism, leukocoria, recurrent infections - ophthalmoscopic examination.

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7
Q

What is the most common type of malignancy in childhood?

A

ALL.

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?

A
  1. Headache
  2. vomiting in the morning
  3. nuchal rigidity
  4. setting-sun sign
  5. focal neurological signs,
  6. bradycardia,
  7. high blood pressure,
  8. irritability,
  9. bulging fontanelle.
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9
Q

What are the physical symptoms of anemia?

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. paleness
  3. tachycardia
  4. systolic heart murmurs.
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10
Q

Treatment of tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Intravenous hyperhydration, rasburicase or

allopurinol

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11
Q

How does the total iron binding capacity change in case of anemia and inflammation?

A

Increased in anemia, decreased in inflammation.

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12
Q

What is the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (first- and second-line treatment.)?

A

IVIG, corticosteroid

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13
Q

List the signs of dyspnea!

A

Use of respiratory accessory muscles, intercostalretraction,
jugular retraction
nasal flaring
paradoxical breathing.

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14
Q

List the signs of dehydration!

A
  1. Dry, white tongue
  2. sunken eyes
  3. sunken fontanelle,
  4. cold extremities
  5. decreased urine output
  6. poor skin turgor
  7. increased heart rate,
  8. low blood pressure
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15
Q

At what age do the fontanelles close at the latest?

A

Posterior fontanelle: by 3 months,

anterior fontanelle: by 18 months.

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16
Q

What are the symptoms and laboratory signs of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia
hyperlipidemia
oedema.

17
Q

What are the symptoms and laboratory signs of nephritic syndrome?

A 
Hematuria,
oedema
hypertension
uremia
oliguria.
18
Q

What factors are included in APGAR score?

A 
Heart rate
respiratory rate
skin color,
reflex irritability
muscle tone.
19
Q

Age limit of puberty?

A

Boys: 9-14 years. Girls: 8-13 years

20
Q

What are the direct and indirect signs of appendicitis?

A

Direct sign: tenderness at
McBurney point. I
ndirect signs:
Blumberg, Rovsing, Obturator, Psoas signs.

21
Q

How can we estimate body weight between the ages of 2-8 years? (

A

(2 x years) + 8.

22
Q

What is a percentile chart?

A

Percentile chart (growth or weight gain chart) shows the
development of a childs’s height and weight. It helps relating children’s weight or
height to the normal distribution of healthy children of the same sex and age. It
can also make clear if the development has slowed down (or accelerated).

23
Q

What does autologous stem cell transplantation mean?

A

A procedure in which a
patient’s healthy stem cells are collected from the blood or bone marrow before
high dose chemotherapy stored, and then given back to the patient after treatment.

24
Q

) What values define hypotension in childhood?

A

< 70+ 2 x years mmHg systolic blood

pressure (above 10 years - 90 mmHg).

25
Q

What is the heart rate and respiratory rate of a healthy newborn?

A

Respiratory rate: 50-

60/min, Heart rate: 120-140/min.

26
Q

Which cultured pathogen from throat swabs warrants antibiotic treatment?

A

Str.

pyogenes.

27
Q

In case of maternal GBS positivity, up to what age can this bacterium cause disease in
the baby?

A

Up to six months of age.

28
Q

What is the recommended empiric treatment of neonates with suspected sepsis?

A

Ampicillin + Gentamycin.

29
Q

What factors are included in croup score?

A 
Sound of inhalation
stridor
cough
signs of dyspnea (nasal flaring, retractions),
cyanosis.

Pediatrics final (1 decks)

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